HESI LPN
HESI Fundamentals Practice Questions
1. The client is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which laboratory value should the LPN/LVN monitor closely to assess for complications?
- A. Serum potassium
- B. Blood glucose
- C. Serum sodium
- D. Serum calcium
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Blood glucose. When caring for a client receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN), monitoring blood glucose levels is essential due to the risk of hyperglycemia. TPN solutions are high in glucose, and clients may be at risk of developing hyperglycemia if the infusion rate is too high or if there are underlying issues such as insulin resistance. Monitoring serum potassium (choice A) is important but not the most crucial value to monitor in clients receiving TPN. Serum sodium (choice C) and serum calcium (choice D) are not directly impacted by TPN administration and are less likely to be affected compared to blood glucose levels.
2. To evaluate a client's understanding of self-administering insulin within the psychomotor domain of learning, what action should the instructor take?
- A. Have the client demonstrate the procedure.
- B. Explain the procedure again.
- C. Ask the client to describe the procedure.
- D. Observe the client watching a video on the procedure.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Having the client demonstrate the procedure is the most appropriate action to evaluate understanding within the psychomotor domain of learning. This allows the instructor to assess the client's ability to perform the skill, which is a key aspect of this domain. Choice B, explaining the procedure again, focuses on the cognitive domain rather than the psychomotor domain. Choice C, asking the client to describe the procedure, pertains more to the verbal or cognitive domain of learning. Choice D, observing the client watching a video on the procedure, does not directly assess the client's ability to perform the skill in the psychomotor domain.
3. A client is on bed rest following an abdominal surgery. Which of the following findings indicates the need to increase the frequency of position changes?
- A. Flat rash on the client's ankle
- B. Non-blanching red area over the client's trochanter
- C. Ecchymosis on the client's left shoulder
- D. Petechiae on the client's right anterior thigh
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The presence of a non-blanching red area over the client's trochanter is a concerning finding as it indicates possible pressure ulcer formation. This finding necessitates an increase in the frequency of position changes to prevent skin breakdown. Choices A, C, and D do not directly correlate with the need for increased position changes. A flat rash, ecchymosis, and petechiae may have different causes and would not be addressed by changing the client's position more frequently.
4. Which action is most important for maintaining sterility when donning sterile gloves?
- A. Maintain thumbs at a ninety-degree angle.
- B. Hold hands with fingers pointing downward while gloving.
- C. Keep gloved hands above the elbows.
- D. Put the glove on the dominant hand first.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The most crucial action for maintaining sterility when donning sterile gloves is to keep gloved hands above the elbows. This practice is essential to prevent potential contamination and maintain a sterile field. Choices A, maintaining thumbs at a ninety-degree angle, and B, holding hands with fingers pointing downward while gloving, are not as critical as keeping hands above the elbows for maintaining sterility. Choice D, putting the glove on the dominant hand first, is not as important as ensuring that gloved hands are kept above the elbows to maintain sterility.
5. A patient has been diagnosed with osteoporosis and lactose intolerance. What intervention will the nurse implement?
- A. Encourage dairy alternatives.
- B. Monitor intake of vitamin D.
- C. Increase intake of caffeinated drinks.
- D. Assist the patient with daily activities.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct intervention for a patient diagnosed with osteoporosis and lactose intolerance is to monitor their intake of vitamin D. Since the patient has lactose intolerance, encouraging dairy alternatives (Choice A) would not be appropriate. Increasing intake of caffeinated drinks (Choice C) is not beneficial for managing osteoporosis and may even have negative effects on bone health. Assisting the patient with daily activities (Choice D) is a general nursing intervention that may not directly address the specific needs related to osteoporosis and lactose intolerance.
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