HESI LPN
Community Health HESI Questions
1. Which individual has the highest risk of developing community-acquired pneumonia?
- A. A 40-year-old first-grade teacher who works with underprivileged children.
- B. A 75-year-old retired secretary with exercise-induced wheezing.
- C. A 60-year-old homeless person who is an alcoholic and smokes.
- D. A 35-year-old aerobics instructor who skips meals and eats only vegetables.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is the 60-year-old homeless person who is an alcoholic and smokes. This individual has the highest risk of developing community-acquired pneumonia due to factors such as homelessness, alcoholism, and smoking, which weaken the immune system and make them more susceptible to respiratory infections. Choice A is incorrect as working with underprivileged children, while potentially exposing the individual to various illnesses, does not directly increase the risk of pneumonia. Choice B is less likely as exercise-induced wheezing may suggest asthma but does not directly correlate with pneumonia risk. Choice D, an aerobics instructor who eats only vegetables and skips meals, does not have the same level of risk factors for pneumonia as the homeless person in choice C.
2. The process by which an individual gains knowledge and skills to improve their health and well-being is known as:
- A. Health literacy
- B. Health education
- C. Health promotion
- D. Health behavior
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Health education. Health education is the process through which individuals acquire knowledge and skills to enhance their health and well-being. Health literacy (choice A) refers to the ability to understand and use health information, but it is not the same as the process of gaining knowledge and skills. Health promotion (choice C) involves advocating for health and implementing interventions to improve health outcomes, rather than the individual learning process. Health behavior (choice D) pertains to the actions individuals take regarding their health, not specifically the process of gaining knowledge and skills.
3. A client is suspected of being poisoned and presents with symmetric, descending flaccid paralysis, blurred vision, double vision, and dry mouth. The nurse should consider these findings consistent with which potential bioterrorism agent?
- A. ricin
- B. botulism toxin
- C. sulfur mustard
- D. yersinia pestis
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: botulism toxin. Botulism toxin is associated with symmetric, descending flaccid paralysis, blurred vision, double vision, and dry mouth, which are consistent with the client's presentation. Ricin (Choice A) typically presents with gastrointestinal symptoms. Sulfur mustard (Choice C) is a blistering agent causing skin, eye, and respiratory issues. Yersinia pestis (Choice D) is associated with the bubonic plague, presenting with fever, malaise, and buboes.
4. In planning for the nursing care of the sick person in the home, the major point that the nurse must keep in mind is:
- A. who will be responsible for the patient during the nurse's absence from the home
- B. economic level of the family
- C. the availability of the nearest hospital
- D. whether or not the patient is under a private physician
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because ensuring someone is responsible for the patient is crucial for continuous care. The presence of a caregiver during the nurse's absence ensures the patient's safety and well-being. Choice B, economic level of the family, is important but not the major point when planning nursing care in the home. Choice C, the availability of the nearest hospital, is significant but doesn't address the day-to-day care in the home. Choice D, whether or not the patient is under a private physician, is relevant but not as critical as ensuring someone is available to care for the patient at all times.
5. A client asks the nurse about including her 2 and 12-year-old sons in the care of their newborn sister. Which of the following is an appropriate initial statement by the nurse?
- A. Focus on your sons' needs during the first days at home.
- B. Tell each child what he can do to help with the baby.
- C. Suggest that your husband spend more time with the boys.
- D. Ask the children what they would like to do for the newborn.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Focusing on the older children's needs during the initial days at home is crucial as it helps them feel secure and valued during the transition. This approach allows the children to adjust to the new family dynamics and feel included in the care of their newborn sister. Choice B is incorrect as it focuses on tasks rather than addressing the children's emotional needs. Choice C is not the initial step and does not involve directly addressing the children's needs. Choice D puts the decision-making burden on the children rather than providing guidance and support.
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