Nursing Elites

1. What explanation should be given to a parent about the purpose of a tetanus toxoid injection for their child?

• A. Passive immunity is conferred for life.
• B. Long-lasting active immunity is conferred.
• C. Lifelong active natural immunity is conferred.
• D. Passive natural immunity is conferred temporarily.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Long-lasting active immunity is conferred.' Tetanus toxoid injection provides long-lasting active immunity by stimulating the body to produce its own antibodies. Choice A is incorrect because tetanus toxoid injection does not provide passive immunity. Choice C is incorrect because the immunity conferred by the vaccine is not natural but artificially induced. Choice D is incorrect as the immunity provided by the tetanus toxoid injection is active, not passive.

2. What type of play do nurses expect when observing a toddler in a playroom with other children?

• A. Parallel
• B. Solitary
• C. Cooperative
• D. Competitive

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Parallel. Toddlers typically engage in parallel play, where they play alongside but not directly with other children. This type of play is common during early childhood as children are still developing social skills and may prefer to play independently while observing others. Choice B, Solitary play, refers to a child playing alone without interacting with others. Choice C, Cooperative play, involves children playing together towards a common goal or activity. Choice D, Competitive play, emphasizes winning and outperforming others, which is less common in toddlers as they are in the stage of exploring and learning through play rather than competing.

3. After a discussion with the healthcare provider, the parents of an infant with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ask the nurse to explain once again what PDA is. How should the nurse respond?

• A. The diameter of the aorta is enlarged.
• B. The wall between the right and left ventricles is open.
• C. It is a narrowing of the entrance to the pulmonary artery.
• D. It is a connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is an abnormal connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta. In a fetus, the ductus arteriosus is a normal connection between these two vessels, allowing blood to bypass the lungs. However, it should close shortly after birth. When it remains open (patent), it leads to PDA. Choices A, B, and C do not accurately describe PDA. Choice A describes an enlarged aorta, choice B describes a ventricular septal defect, and choice C describes pulmonary stenosis, which are different cardiac conditions.

4. A nurse is teaching the parents of a child with a diagnosis of epilepsy about seizure precautions. What should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Keep a diary of seizure activity
• B. Administer antiepileptic medication only when a seizure occurs
• C. Restrict the child's activities to prevent seizures
• D. Teach seizure first aid to family members

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Teaching seizure first aid to family members is crucial for ensuring the child's safety during a seizure. Keeping a diary of seizure activity (choice A) is important for tracking patterns and triggers but does not directly relate to immediate safety during a seizure. Administering antiepileptic medication only when a seizure occurs (choice B) is incorrect as medications should be given as prescribed to maintain therapeutic levels. Restricting the child's activities to prevent seizures (choice C) is not an appropriate approach as it may limit the child's quality of life without guaranteeing seizure prevention.

5. What should be used to feed an infant born with a unilateral cleft lip and palate?

• A. Plastic spoon
• B. Cross-cut nipple
• C. Parenteral infusion
• D. Rubber-tipped syringe

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A cross-cut nipple is the most appropriate choice for feeding an infant with a unilateral cleft lip and palate. Using a cross-cut nipple helps regulate the flow of milk, making feeding easier for the infant and reducing the risk of aspiration. Plastic spoons, parenteral infusion, and rubber-tipped syringes are not recommended for feeding infants with cleft lip and palate as they can pose risks such as choking, aspiration, or inadequate milk intake. It is essential to choose a feeding method that minimizes these risks and ensures proper nutrition for the infant.

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