what is the term for the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree celsius
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HESI PN Nutrition Practice Exam

1. What is the term for the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Kilocalorie. The term kilocalorie, often referred to as a calorie, is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. While Choice A, Calorie, is technically correct, it is not the most specific term for the described amount of heat. Choice B, Joule, is a unit of energy but not specifically related to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of water. Choice C, Kilojoule, is also a unit of energy but not the precise term for the heat required to raise the temperature of water by one degree Celsius.

2. How much energy is required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by 1°C?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 1 kilocalorie. This is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1°C. Choice A (10 calories) and Choice D (10 kilocalories) are incorrect as they do not represent the correct unit of measurement for this specific scenario. Choice B (100 calories) is also incorrect as it overestimates the amount of energy required. The specific heat capacity of water is approximately 1 calorie/gram °C, which means that 1 kilogram (1000 grams) of water requires 1 kilocalorie (1000 calories) to raise its temperature by 1°C.

3. What is a primary goal in managing a child with asthma?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary goal in managing a child with asthma is to achieve and maintain control of asthma symptoms to ensure the child's well-being and quality of life. This involves using appropriate medications as prescribed, identifying and avoiding triggers, and developing an asthma action plan. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because avoiding all physical activities can lead to deconditioning and is not recommended, increasing daily sugar intake is unrelated to managing asthma, and restricting all forms of medication can be harmful as medications are often necessary to control asthma symptoms.

4. You have been asked to help a top nutrition researcher conduct human experiments on vitamin C. As the subjects walk into the laboratory, you distribute all the vitamin C pill bottles to the girls and all the placebo pill bottles to the boys. What should you have done?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct approach in a scientific experiment is to prevent yourself from knowing the contents of the pill bottles and distribute them randomly to the subjects. This randomization helps to avoid bias and ensures that the results are not influenced by preconceived notions. Option A is incorrect because it introduces gender bias by assigning pills based on gender. Option B is incorrect as it mentions telling the subjects what they are getting, which could lead to placebo effects. Option C is incorrect as it suggests disclosing group information to the subjects, which can also introduce bias.

5. What is a common sign of a respiratory infection in infants?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rapid breathing is a common sign of a respiratory infection in infants. When infants have a respiratory infection, their breathing may become rapid as their body tries to get more oxygen. This symptom is often seen alongside cough and fever. Increased appetite (Choice A) is not typically associated with respiratory infections but can be seen in other conditions. Decreased urine output (Choice C) is more indicative of dehydration or kidney issues rather than a respiratory infection. Lethargy (Choice D) can be a symptom of various illnesses but is not as specific to respiratory infections as rapid breathing.

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