Nursing Elites

1. If a group of people consumes an amount of protein equal to the estimated average requirement for their population group, what percentage of people will receive insufficient amounts?

• A. 10
• B. 25
• C. 33
• D. 50

Correct answer: D

Rationale: If a group consumes an amount of protein equal to the estimated average requirement, 50% of the people will receive insufficient amounts. The estimated average requirement is the amount of a nutrient that is estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group. Therefore, 50% of the group will not be meeting their individual needs if they are consuming only the average requirement. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because at the estimated average requirement level, a higher percentage than those values will receive insufficient amounts.

2. Non-nutrient substances found in plant foods that may demonstrate biological activity in the body are commonly known as ___

• A. Bioenhancements
• B. Inorganic fibers
• C. Phytochemicals
• D. Phytoactive chemicals

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds found in plant foods that may affect health. They are known for their potential health benefits, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. 'Bioenhancements' is not a term used to describe non-nutrient substances in plant foods. 'Inorganic fibers' do not refer to bioactive compounds found in plants. 'Phytoactive chemicals' is not a commonly used term in nutrition science to describe these compounds.

3. What is a common early sign of type 1 diabetes in children?

• A. Excessive thirst and frequent urination
• B. Severe abdominal pain
• C. Frequent headaches
• D. Sudden weight gain

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Excessive thirst and frequent urination are common early signs of type 1 diabetes in children. These symptoms occur due to high blood glucose levels, leading to increased thirst and urination. Severe abdominal pain (choice B) is not typically associated with type 1 diabetes. Although frequent headaches (choice C) can occur in some cases, they are not as specific to type 1 diabetes as excessive thirst and frequent urination. Sudden weight gain (choice D) is not a common early sign of type 1 diabetes; in fact, unexplained weight loss is more characteristic of the condition.

4. What is a key sign of meningitis in an infant?

• A. Increased appetite
• B. Bulging fontanel
• C. Decreased respiratory rate
• D. Elevated blood pressure

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A bulging fontanel is a key sign of meningitis in infants, indicating increased intracranial pressure due to inflammation of the meninges. This can lead to the fontanel bulging. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Increased appetite is not typically associated with meningitis in infants; instead, they may have poor feeding. A decreased respiratory rate is not a common sign of meningitis in infants. Elevated blood pressure is also not a typical finding in infants with meningitis.

5. What is one primary factor that influences nutrient needs in individuals?

• A. Age
• B. Gender
• C. Genetics
• D. Physical activity level

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Correct. Age is one of the primary factors influencing nutrient needs. Different life stages, such as infancy, childhood, adulthood, and old age, require varying amounts of nutrients. Gender (choice B) can influence nutrient needs to some extent, but age plays a more significant role. Genetics (choice C) may affect how individuals metabolize certain nutrients but is not a primary factor in determining overall nutrient needs. Physical activity level (choice D) can impact energy requirements but is not as fundamental as age in influencing overall nutrient needs.

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