Nursing Elites

1. What does a positive correlation between two variables indicate?

• A. One variable causes the other.
• B. Both variables move in the same direction.
• C. Both variables move in opposite directions.
• D. There is no relationship between the variables.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A positive correlation between two variables indicates that they move in the same direction. This means that as one variable increases (or decreases), the other variable also increases (or decreases). Choice A is incorrect because correlation does not imply causation; it only shows a relationship between variables. Choice C is incorrect as it describes a negative correlation where variables move in opposite directions. Choice D is incorrect as a positive correlation implies a relationship between the variables.

2. How does a double-blind experiment work?

• A. Both subject groups take turns receiving each treatment.
• B. Neither subjects nor researchers know which subjects are in the control or experimental group.
• C. Neither group of subjects knows whether they are in the control or experimental group, but the researchers do not know.
• D. Both subject groups know whether they are in the control or experimental group, but the researchers do not know.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. In a double-blind experiment, neither the subjects nor the researchers know which subjects are in the control or experimental group. This helps to eliminate bias and ensure that the results are more objective. Choice A is incorrect as in a double-blind experiment, subjects do not take turns receiving each treatment; it is about masking the treatment allocation. Choice C is incorrect because it implies that the researchers are aware of the group allocation, which goes against the principle of blinding in a double-blind study. Choice D is incorrect as both subject groups should not know whether they are in the control or experimental group to maintain the blindness of the study.

3. How should a healthcare provider manage a child with newly diagnosed congenital hypothyroidism?

• A. Monitor for signs of hyperactivity
• B. Ensure regular thyroid hormone replacement therapy
• C. Encourage a high-calcium diet
• D. Increase physical exercise

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: Ensuring regular thyroid hormone replacement therapy is crucial for managing congenital hypothyroidism in children. This therapy supports normal growth and development by replacing the deficient thyroid hormones. Monitoring for signs of hyperactivity (Choice A) is not the primary management for congenital hypothyroidism; rather, the focus should be on addressing the hormone deficiency. Encouraging a high-calcium diet (Choice C) may not directly address the thyroid hormone deficiency characteristic of congenital hypothyroidism. Increasing physical exercise (Choice D) is not the mainstay treatment for this condition; hormone replacement therapy is the cornerstone of management.

4. How should a healthcare provider address a child's nutritional needs with a lactose intolerance diagnosis?

• A. Recommend lactose-free dairy products
• B. Increase dairy intake
• C. Encourage high-fiber diet
• D. Use oral probiotics only

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In managing lactose intolerance in a child, recommending lactose-free dairy products is crucial. These products help address the child's nutritional needs without causing symptoms related to lactose consumption. Choice B is incorrect because increasing dairy intake would exacerbate symptoms in a lactose-intolerant individual as they cannot digest lactose properly. Choice C, encouraging a high-fiber diet, is not directly related to managing lactose intolerance and may not address the primary issue of lactose malabsorption. Choice D, using oral probiotics only, may not be sufficient to address the child's nutritional needs in case of lactose intolerance as the main concern is avoiding lactose-containing products.

5. What is a key preventive measure for avoiding urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children?

• A. Restrict fluid intake
• B. Encourage frequent urination
• C. Use topical antibiotics
• D. Increase dietary calcium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Encouraging frequent urination is a key preventive measure for avoiding urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. It helps flush bacteria from the urinary tract, reducing the risk of UTIs. Restricting fluid intake (Choice A) is not recommended as it may lead to concentrated urine and increase the risk of UTIs. Using topical antibiotics (Choice C) is not a preventive measure for UTIs and should only be used under medical guidance. Increasing dietary calcium (Choice D) is not directly linked to preventing UTIs in children.

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