Nursing Elites

1. What does a positive correlation between two variables indicate?

• A. One variable causes the other.
• B. Both variables move in the same direction.
• C. Both variables move in opposite directions.
• D. There is no relationship between the variables.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A positive correlation between two variables indicates that they move in the same direction. This means that as one variable increases (or decreases), the other variable also increases (or decreases). Choice A is incorrect because correlation does not imply causation; it only shows a relationship between variables. Choice C is incorrect as it describes a negative correlation where variables move in opposite directions. Choice D is incorrect as a positive correlation implies a relationship between the variables.

2. How much energy is required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by 1°C?

• A. 10 calories
• B. 100 calories
• C. 1 kilocalorie
• D. 10 kilocalories

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 1 kilocalorie. This is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1°C. Choice A (10 calories) and Choice D (10 kilocalories) are incorrect as they do not represent the correct unit of measurement for this specific scenario. Choice B (100 calories) is also incorrect as it overestimates the amount of energy required. The specific heat capacity of water is approximately 1 calorie/gram °C, which means that 1 kilogram (1000 grams) of water requires 1 kilocalorie (1000 calories) to raise its temperature by 1°C.

3. What is a primary goal in managing a child with asthma?

• A. Avoiding all physical activities
• B. Achieving and maintaining control of asthma symptoms
• C. Increasing daily sugar intake
• D. Restricting all forms of medication

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary goal in managing a child with asthma is to achieve and maintain control of asthma symptoms to ensure the child's well-being and quality of life. This involves using appropriate medications as prescribed, identifying and avoiding triggers, and developing an asthma action plan. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because avoiding all physical activities can lead to deconditioning and is not recommended, increasing daily sugar intake is unrelated to managing asthma, and restricting all forms of medication can be harmful as medications are often necessary to control asthma symptoms.

4. Why is peer review important in scientific research?

• A. To expedite publication of results.
• B. To facilitate the replication of studies.
• C. To verify the accuracy and validity of research findings.
• D. To enhance the credibility of the research.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Peer review is crucial in scientific research to verify the accuracy and validity of research findings. By subjecting research papers to evaluation by experts in the field, peer review ensures that the study's methods, results, and conclusions are robust and reliable. This process helps to maintain high standards of quality in scientific publications, providing credibility to the research. Choices A and D are incorrect because the primary purpose of peer review is not to expedite publication or solely enhance credibility; its core function is to validate the research's accuracy and validity. Choice B, while beneficial, is not the primary reason for peer review; replication is a byproduct of the rigorous evaluation of research methods and findings.

5. What is an important aspect of care for a child with congenital heart disease?

• A. Restricting physical activity
• B. Increasing fluid intake
• C. Administering high doses of vitamins
• D. Monitoring growth and development

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Monitoring growth and development is crucial for children with congenital heart disease to ensure they are meeting developmental milestones and managing the disease effectively. This helps healthcare providers assess the child's overall health, detect any potential issues early, and adjust treatment plans accordingly. Restricting physical activity may not be necessary for all children with congenital heart disease and should be determined by their healthcare team based on individual needs. Increasing fluid intake and administering high doses of vitamins may not be directly related to managing congenital heart disease and should be guided by specific recommendations from healthcare providers.

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