Nursing Elites

1. What does a positive correlation between two variables indicate?

• A. One variable causes the other.
• B. Both variables move in the same direction.
• C. Both variables move in opposite directions.
• D. There is no relationship between the variables.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A positive correlation between two variables indicates that they move in the same direction. This means that as one variable increases (or decreases), the other variable also increases (or decreases). Choice A is incorrect because correlation does not imply causation; it only shows a relationship between variables. Choice C is incorrect as it describes a negative correlation where variables move in opposite directions. Choice D is incorrect as a positive correlation implies a relationship between the variables.

2. How should a caregiver manage a child with a new diagnosis of sickle cell anemia?

• A. Ensure the child receives frequent blood transfusions
• B. Promote adequate hydration and pain management
• C. Restrict physical activity
• D. Administer high doses of vitamin C

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Promoting adequate hydration and pain management is crucial for managing sickle cell anemia to prevent crises and complications. Adequate hydration helps prevent sickling of red blood cells, while effective pain management is essential for addressing the frequent pain episodes associated with the condition. Ensuring the child receives frequent blood transfusions is not the initial management for sickle cell anemia; transfusions are usually reserved for specific complications. Restricting physical activity should be individualized based on the child's condition; some physical activity is beneficial for overall health. Administering high doses of vitamin C is not a standard treatment for sickle cell anemia and does not address the underlying pathology of the disease.

3. How should a healthcare provider address a child's nutritional needs with a lactose intolerance diagnosis?

• A. Recommend lactose-free dairy products
• B. Increase dairy intake
• C. Encourage high-fiber diet
• D. Use oral probiotics only

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In managing lactose intolerance in a child, recommending lactose-free dairy products is crucial. These products help address the child's nutritional needs without causing symptoms related to lactose consumption. Choice B is incorrect because increasing dairy intake would exacerbate symptoms in a lactose-intolerant individual as they cannot digest lactose properly. Choice C, encouraging a high-fiber diet, is not directly related to managing lactose intolerance and may not address the primary issue of lactose malabsorption. Choice D, using oral probiotics only, may not be sufficient to address the child's nutritional needs in case of lactose intolerance as the main concern is avoiding lactose-containing products.

4. Which statement best describes the composition of most foods?

• A. Most foods contain a mixture of the three energy nutrients, with one or two predominating.
• B. Foods do not typically contain equal amounts of the three energy nutrients.
• C. Most foods contain mixtures of the three energy nutrients, although only one or two may predominate.
• D. Most foods contain all three energy nutrients in varying amounts.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Most foods contain a mixture of the three energy nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats), with one or two predominating. Choice A is correct because most foods do contain a combination of energy nutrients, with one or two types usually being predominant. Choice B is incorrect as foods typically do not contain equal amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Choice D is incorrect because most foods contain all three energy nutrients, not just one or two types.

5. Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in the body?

• A. They provide insulation and support for organs.
• B. They help regulate body temperature.
• C. They serve as the body's main structural components.
• D. They are the body's primary source of energy.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Carbohydrates are the body's primary source of energy, fueling daily activities and bodily functions. Choice A is incorrect because insulation and organ support are primarily provided by adipose tissue and structural proteins, not carbohydrates. Choice B is incorrect because the regulation of body temperature is mainly controlled by processes like sweating and shivering, not carbohydrates. Choice C is incorrect because structural components like proteins are responsible for building tissues and organs, not carbohydrates.

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