Nursing Elites

1. Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of collagen?

• A. Vitamin C
• B. Vitamin D
• C. Vitamin B12
• D. Vitamin K

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin C. Vitamin C is essential for the synthesis of collagen, a protein crucial for maintaining the structure and integrity of skin, blood vessels, and bones. It plays a key role in the hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues in collagen synthesis, which is necessary for the stability and strength of collagen fibers. Choice B: Vitamin D is essential for bone health and calcium absorption but is not directly involved in collagen synthesis. Choice C: Vitamin B12 is important for red blood cell formation and neurological function but is not directly related to collagen synthesis. Choice D: Vitamin K is necessary for blood clotting and bone metabolism but does not play a direct role in collagen synthesis.

2. What is the function of the large intestine in the digestive system?

• A. To secrete digestive enzymes
• B. To absorb water and form solid waste
• C. To produce bile
• D. To transport nutrients

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The large intestine's primary function is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter that enters it from the small intestine. This absorption process helps in forming solid waste (feces) by compacting the material and preparing it for excretion. The large intestine does not secrete digestive enzymes, produce bile, or transport nutrients. Therefore, option B, 'To absorb water and form solid waste,' is the correct function of the large intestine in the digestive system.

3. Which hormone is responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle?

• A. Melatonin
• B. Thyroxine
• C. Insulin
• D. Cortisol

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Melatonin, produced by the pineal gland, regulates the sleep-wake cycle by responding to light and darkness in the environment. It plays a crucial role in signaling the body when it's time to sleep and wake up, helping to establish and maintain a healthy circadian rhythm. Thyroxine, Insulin, and Cortisol do not directly regulate the sleep-wake cycle, making them incorrect choices for this question.

4. Which organ system is primarily responsible for preventing water loss?

• A. The nervous system
• B. The integumentary system
• C. The lymphatic system
• D. The urinary system

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The integumentary system. The integumentary system, which includes the skin, is primarily responsible for preventing water loss from the body. The skin acts as a barrier that helps regulate moisture and prevent excessive water loss through a process known as transepidermal water loss. The nervous system (choice A) is responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body, the lymphatic system (choice C) is responsible for the immune response and fluid balance, and the urinary system (choice D) is responsible for filtering blood and producing urine, but they do not primarily prevent water loss like the integumentary system.

5. Which type of joint is found in the neck and allows for rotational movement?

• A. Hinge joint
• B. Pivot joint
• C. Ball and socket joint
• D. Saddle joint

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pivot joint. A pivot joint, like the one found in the neck, allows for rotational movement, enabling the head to turn from side to side. Hinge joints (Choice A) allow movement in one plane like a door hinge and are not found in the neck. Ball and socket joints (Choice C) allow for a wide range of motion in multiple directions and are typically found in the hip and shoulder. Saddle joints (Choice D) allow for movement back and forth and side to side, like the thumb joint, but are not found in the neck.

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