Nursing Elites

1. Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of collagen?

• A. Vitamin C
• B. Vitamin D
• C. Vitamin B12
• D. Vitamin K

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin C. Vitamin C is essential for the synthesis of collagen, a protein crucial for maintaining the structure and integrity of skin, blood vessels, and bones. It plays a key role in the hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues in collagen synthesis, which is necessary for the stability and strength of collagen fibers. Choice B: Vitamin D is essential for bone health and calcium absorption but is not directly involved in collagen synthesis. Choice C: Vitamin B12 is important for red blood cell formation and neurological function but is not directly related to collagen synthesis. Choice D: Vitamin K is necessary for blood clotting and bone metabolism but does not play a direct role in collagen synthesis.

2. Which hormone is involved in the body's stress response?

• A. Insulin
• B. Adrenaline
• C. Cortisol
• D. Melatonin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cortisol. Cortisol, produced by the adrenal glands, is involved in the body's stress response. It helps regulate metabolism, immune function, and the body's response to stressors by increasing blood sugar levels, suppressing the immune system, and aiding in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Choice A, Insulin, is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels and is not primarily involved in the stress response. Choice B, Adrenaline, is also known as epinephrine and is involved in the fight-or-flight response, which is related to stress but is not the main hormone in the body's stress response. Choice D, Melatonin, is a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles and is not directly involved in the stress response.

3. Which gland controls Calciferol?

• A. Thyroid
• B. Pituitary
• C. Parathyroid
• D. Hypothalamus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Calciferol, commonly known as Vitamin D, is regulated by the parathyroid gland, not the thyroid, pituitary, or hypothalamus. The parathyroid gland plays a crucial role in maintaining calcium and phosphorus balance in the body by regulating the production of calcitriol, the active form of Vitamin D. This hormone helps in the absorption of calcium from the intestines and its reabsorption in the kidneys to maintain proper calcium levels in the blood. Therefore, the correct answer is the Parathyroid gland (Choice C). Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not have a direct role in controlling Calciferol.

4. What is the function of the urinary bladder?

• A. To filter waste from the blood
• B. To store urine
• C. To regulate fluid balance
• D. To remove waste from the body

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To store urine. The urinary bladder's primary function is to store urine produced by the kidneys until it is ready to be excreted from the body. It acts as a reservoir that temporarily holds urine until an appropriate time for elimination. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the urinary bladder does not filter waste from the blood, regulate fluid balance, or directly remove waste from the body. These functions are primarily carried out by the kidneys and other organs in the excretory system.

5. Which might be a result of stenosis, or narrowing of a heart valve?

• A. Abdominal pain
• B. Blood clots
• C. Edema (swelling) in organs
• D. Irregular heartbeat

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Stenosis, or narrowing of a heart valve, restricts blood flow through the valve, leading to changes in the heart's normal rhythm. This alteration can result in an irregular heartbeat, making it a common consequence of heart valve stenosis. Abdominal pain, blood clots, and organ swelling are not typically associated with stenosis of a heart valve.

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