Nursing Elites

1. Which organ is responsible for filtering and cleaning the blood?

• A. Lungs
• B. Heart
• C. Kidneys
• D. Liver

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Kidneys. The kidneys are the organs responsible for filtering and cleaning the blood. They remove waste products, regulate electrolyte levels, and help maintain fluid balance in the body through the production of urine. The other choices are incorrect because: A) Lungs are primarily responsible for gas exchange, not blood filtration. B) The heart is responsible for pumping blood, not filtering it. D) The liver plays a role in detoxification and metabolism, but it is not primarily responsible for filtering and cleaning the blood.

2. What is the name of the structure that prevents food from entering the airway?

• A. trachea
• B. esophagus
• C. diaphragm
• D. epiglottis

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The epiglottis is the structure that prevents food from entering the airway. It acts as a lid over the trachea during swallowing, directing food to the esophagus instead of the windpipe (trachea). The trachea (Choice A) is the windpipe that allows air to pass into the lungs, the esophagus (Choice B) is the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach, and the diaphragm (Choice C) is a muscle involved in breathing and not in preventing food passage.

3. What is the primary role of the liver in the body?

• A. Producing insulin
• B. Detoxifying harmful substances
• C. Digesting food
• D. Storing energy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Detoxifying harmful substances. While the liver does produce bile for digestion and stores nutrients like glycogen, its primary function is to filter and detoxify blood coming from the digestive tract before passing it to the rest of the body. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Producing insulin is mainly done by the pancreas, digesting food is primarily the role of the stomach and intestines, and storing energy is a function of various organs like muscles and fat cells.

4. Which hormone is produced by the thyroid gland?

• A. Insulin
• B. Thyroxine
• C. Glucagon
• D. Cortisol

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Thyroxine is the hormone produced by the thyroid gland. It plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, heart rate, and growth. Insulin is produced by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar levels, not by the thyroid gland. Glucagon is also produced by the pancreas and helps increase blood sugar levels. Cortisol is produced by the adrenal glands and is involved in stress response and metabolism, not by the thyroid gland.

5. What is the role of the large intestine in the digestive system?

• A. Absorbing nutrients
• B. Absorbing water and forming solid waste
• C. Breaking down fats
• D. Secreting digestive enzymes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Absorbing water and forming solid waste. The large intestine plays a crucial role in absorbing water from the remaining indigestible food matter and forming solid waste (feces) to be excreted from the body. This process helps in maintaining the body's fluid balance and eliminating waste efficiently. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the large intestine is not primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients, breaking down fats, or secreting digestive enzymes. These functions are mainly carried out in the small intestine.

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