Nursing Elites

1. Which hormone is not produced by the pituitary gland?

• A. FSH
• B. TRH
• C. LH
• D. ADH

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is not produced by the pituitary gland. TRH is actually produced by the hypothalamus and acts on the pituitary gland to stimulate the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). On the other hand, FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone), and ADH (antidiuretic hormone) are all hormones directly produced by the pituitary gland.

2. Which of the following epithelial types is correctly matched with its major function?

• A. Simple squamous epithelium – diffusion
• B. Stratified squamous epithelium – protection
• C. Stratified squamous epithelium – diffusion
• D. Simple columnar epithelium – secretion or absorption

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Simple columnar epithelium is indeed primarily responsible for secretion and absorption due to its tall shape and presence of microvilli, which increase surface area for these functions. Simple squamous epithelium is mainly involved in diffusion, allowing for the exchange of gases or nutrients. Stratified squamous epithelium functions more for protection against mechanical stress and pathogens, as it forms a tough, protective barrier due to its many layers.

3. If an impulse is traveling from a sense receptor toward the spinal cord, it is traveling along what type of neuron?

• A. Motor neuron
• B. Sensory neuron
• C. Interneuron
• D. Bipolar neuron

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sensory neuron. A sensory neuron is responsible for carrying impulses from sensory receptors to the spinal cord. These neurons transmit information about external stimuli from the periphery to the central nervous system for processing and response. Choice A, Motor neuron, is incorrect as motor neurons carry signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands, enabling movement and secretion. Choice C, Interneuron, is incorrect as interneurons act as connectors between sensory and motor neurons, primarily facilitating communication between the two. Choice D, Bipolar neuron, is incorrect as bipolar neurons are specialized sensory neurons found in some sensory organs like the retina of the eye and the olfactory epithelium.

4. The epidermis is classified as which of the following?

• A. Cell
• B. Tissue
• C. Organ
• D. System

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The epidermis is classified as a tissue, more specifically as a layer of cells that form the outermost part of the skin. It is composed of multiple layers of cells that protect underlying tissues and regulate various functions related to the skin. Choice A, Cell, is incorrect because the epidermis is not just a single cell but rather a collection of cells. Choice C, Organ, is incorrect because the epidermis is not an organ on its own but rather a part of an organ, the skin. Choice D, System, is incorrect because the epidermis is not a system but rather a component of the integumentary system.

5. Which gland is often referred to as the 'master gland'?

• A. Thyroid gland
• B. Pituitary gland
• C. Adrenal gland
• D. Pineal gland

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The pituitary gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' because it controls the release of hormones from other endocrine glands in the body. It secretes a variety of hormones that regulate various bodily functions and play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. The thyroid gland (Choice A) plays a role in regulating metabolism, the adrenal gland (Choice C) secretes hormones involved in stress response, and the pineal gland (Choice D) produces melatonin to regulate sleep-wake cycles, but they are not known as the 'master gland' due to their functions.

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