Nursing Elites

1. What is the most visible part of the ear?

• A. Ear canal
• B. Cochlea
• C. Organ of Corti
• D. Pinna

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The pinna, also known as the auricle, is the most visible part of the ear. Its external shape and location make it easily noticeable on the side of the head. The pinna helps in capturing sound waves and directing them into the ear canal, where the sound transmission process begins. The other structures listed, the Organ of Corti, Cochlea, and Ear canal, are essential parts of the ear involved in hearing and sound processing, but they are not as visibly prominent as the pinna. Therefore, the correct answer is the pinna because of its external visibility and role in capturing sound waves.

2. Which hormone is released by the adrenal medulla?

• A. Cortisol
• B. Adrenaline
• C. Insulin
• D. Somatostatin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Adrenaline (also known as epinephrine), which is released by the adrenal medulla during the body's fight-or-flight response. Adrenaline helps prepare the body for action by increasing heart rate, dilating air passages, and mobilizing glucose and fats for energy, among other physiological responses. Choice A, Cortisol, is a steroid hormone released by the adrenal cortex involved in the stress response and regulation of metabolism. Choice C, Insulin, is produced by the pancreas and regulates blood sugar levels. Choice D, Somatostatin, is a hormone that inhibits the release of several other hormones in the body, but it is not released by the adrenal medulla.

3. What is the function of the liver in the digestive system?

• A. To store glucose
• B. To produce bile
• C. To detoxify harmful substances
• D. To absorb nutrients

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To produce bile. The liver's primary function in the digestive system is to produce bile. Bile is essential for the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. It helps emulsify fats, making it easier for enzymes to break them down into smaller molecules for absorption. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as storing glucose is primarily done in the liver for energy maintenance, detoxifying harmful substances is a function of the liver related to metabolism but not specifically in the digestive system, and absorbing nutrients is mainly done in the small intestine rather than the liver.

4. Which type of joint is found in the hip?

• A. Hinge joint
• B. Ball and socket joint
• C. Pivot joint
• D. Saddle joint

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ball and socket joint. The hip joint is classified as a ball and socket joint, allowing for a wide range of movement in multiple directions, including rotation. This joint structure provides stability and mobility, making it ideal for the hip's functions in bearing weight and facilitating various movements. Choice A, Hinge joint, is incorrect as hinge joints allow movement in only one plane, like the elbow or knee. Choice C, Pivot joint, is incorrect as pivot joints allow rotation around a single axis, like the joint between the first and second vertebrae. Choice D, Saddle joint, is incorrect as saddle joints are found in the thumb and allow movement in two planes, but they do not describe the hip joint.

5. What is the normal pH of human arterial blood?

• A. 6.8
• B. 7.4
• C. 7.9
• D. 8.2

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The normal pH of human arterial blood is approximately 7.4. This slightly alkaline pH is crucial for the proper functioning of enzymes and biochemical processes in the body. Any significant deviation from this pH level can result in serious health issues such as acidosis or alkalosis. Choice A (6.8) is incorrect as it is lower than the normal pH of arterial blood, indicating acidity. Choice C (7.9) and Choice D (8.2) are incorrect as they are higher than the normal pH of arterial blood, indicating alkalinity.

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