Nursing Elites

1. The skull is positioned ________ to the spinal cord.

• A. anterior
• B. posterior
• C. lateral
• D. superior

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The skull is superior to the spinal cord, meaning it is located above the spinal cord in anatomical position. Superior in anatomy refers to a structure being positioned higher or above another structure in the body. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they refer to different directional relationships. Anterior means in front of, posterior means behind, and lateral means to the side. In this case, the relationship between the skull and the spinal cord is based on a superior-inferior orientation.

2. The coronal plane of the body may also be called the ___________ plane.

• A. sagittal
• B. median
• C. frontal
• D. axial

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: frontal. The coronal plane of the body is also known as the frontal plane. This plane divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections. It is perpendicular to the sagittal plane and divides the body into front and back portions. The term 'coronal' is often used in radiology and anatomy to describe this specific anatomical plane. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the sagittal plane divides the body into left and right portions, the median plane is another name for the sagittal plane, and the axial plane is a term less commonly used to describe an anatomical plane.

3. What is the name of the outermost layer of the skin?

• A. dermis
• B. epidermis
• C. subcutaneous tissue
• D. hypodermis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The epidermis is the correct answer as it is the outermost layer of the skin. It acts as a protective barrier against environmental factors and helps in regulating moisture balance. The epidermis is also where new skin cells are continuously formed and contains melanocytes responsible for skin pigmentation. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. The dermis is the layer beneath the epidermis, the subcutaneous tissue is the deepest layer of the skin, and the hypodermis lies below the dermis.

4. Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating emotions and memory?

• A. Cerebrum
• B. Cerebellum
• C. Amygdala
• D. Brainstem

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The amygdala, located in the temporal lobe of the brain, is responsible for regulating emotions and memory, particularly those related to fear and pleasure. It plays a crucial role in processing emotional responses, forming emotional memories, and modulating emotional reactions. The cerebrum (Choice A) is responsible for higher brain functions such as thought and action. The cerebellum (Choice B) is mainly involved in coordination and balance. The brainstem (Choice D) controls basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate.

5. Which gland is located on top of the kidneys?

• A. Adrenal gland
• B. Thyroid gland
• C. Pineal gland
• D. Pancreas

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the Adrenal gland. The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys. They produce hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol, which play essential roles in regulating metabolism, immune response, and stress in the body. The Thyroid gland, Pineal gland, and Pancreas are not located on top of the kidneys. The Thyroid gland is located in the neck, the Pineal gland in the brain, and the Pancreas behind the stomach.

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