Nursing Elites

1. The abbreviation PDR refers to a ___________.

• A. drug
• B. procedure
• C. book
• D. muscle group

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The abbreviation PDR stands for Physician's Desk Reference, which is a widely used book containing information about prescription drugs, including their uses, side effects, and dosages. Therefore, the abbreviation PDR is associated with drugs. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because PDR specifically relates to drugs and not procedures, books, or muscle groups.

2. What does Labile mean?

• A. Stable
• B. Changing rapidly and often
• C. Unchanging
• D. Rarely changing

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Labile means something that changes rapidly and often. In this context, 'Stable' (Choice A) is the opposite of labile, 'Unchanging' (Choice C) and 'Rarely changing' (Choice D) do not capture the essence of labile. Labile is specifically used to describe something that is easily altered, constantly changing, or unstable, hence the most suitable choice is 'Changing rapidly and often' (Choice B).

3. What does the quoted word 'occluded' mean in the following sentence? The nurse reported that the patient's circulation to that foot was 'occluded'.

• A. Normal
• B. Impaired
• C. Inadequate
• D. Obstructed

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Obstructed.' 'Occluded' means blocked or obstructed, indicating that the circulation to the foot was hindered. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because 'occluded' does not mean normal, impaired, or inadequate but rather obstructed.

4. What are the soft spots on the head of a newborn called?

• A. Fistula
• B. Fontanel
• C. Follicle
• D. Fissure

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fontanel. Fontanels are spaces between the bones of a newborn's skull that allow for brain growth and development. The term 'fistula' (choice A) refers to an abnormal passageway between two organs or between an organ and the body surface, not related to newborn soft spots. 'Follicle' (choice C) is a structure in the skin that contains the hair root, not related to the skull. 'Fissure' (choice D) refers to a narrow opening or crack, which is not the term used for the soft spots on a newborn's head.

5. Choose the meaning of the word vent in the following sentence: 'A tube is used to vent the gases to the outside.'

• A. Block
• B. Trade
• C. Emit
• D. Inhale

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In this sentence, the word 'vent' means to allow the gases to escape or be emitted to the outside. 'Block' is incorrect because it means to obstruct or close off. 'Trade' is incorrect as it refers to the exchange of goods or services. 'Inhale' is incorrect as it means to breathe in, which is the opposite of venting gases out.

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