Nursing Elites

1. Why is randomization important in a scientific experiment?

• A. To minimize the impact of confounding variables.
• B. To eliminate bias in the assignment of subjects to groups.
• C. To contribute to the accuracy and validity of the experiment's results.
• D. To prevent systematic differences between groups.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Randomization is crucial in a scientific experiment to eliminate bias in the assignment of subjects to groups. By randomly assigning subjects, it helps ensure that any differences observed in the outcomes are due to the experimental treatment and not to preexisting differences between groups. Choice A is incorrect because randomization does not guarantee representativeness but rather minimizes the impact of confounding variables. Choice C is not entirely accurate; while randomization can contribute to accuracy and validity, its primary purpose is to reduce bias. Choice D is incorrect as the goal of randomization is not to balance the number of subjects but to prevent systematic differences between groups.

2. What is a common symptom of a respiratory infection in infants?

• A. Wheezing
• B. High appetite
• C. Increased thirst
• D. Lethargy

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Wheezing is a common symptom of respiratory infections in infants, often associated with coughing and difficulty breathing. It occurs due to the narrowing of the airways. Choice B, 'High appetite,' is incorrect as respiratory infections usually lead to a decrease in appetite rather than an increase. Choice C, 'Increased thirst,' is incorrect as it is not a typical symptom of a respiratory infection in infants. Choice D, 'Lethargy,' can be a symptom of respiratory infections but is not as specific and common as wheezing.

3. What is the most common symptom of appendicitis in children?

• A. Vomiting and diarrhea
• B. Fever and abdominal pain
• C. Rash and joint pain
• D. Difficulty breathing

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fever and abdominal pain. In children, appendicitis commonly presents with fever and abdominal pain. The pain typically begins around the umbilicus and then moves to the lower right quadrant. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because vomiting and diarrhea, rash and joint pain, and difficulty breathing are not typical symptoms of appendicitis in children.

4. What is a primary goal in managing a child with asthma?

• A. Avoiding all physical activities
• B. Achieving and maintaining control of asthma symptoms
• C. Increasing daily sugar intake
• D. Restricting all forms of medication

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary goal in managing a child with asthma is to achieve and maintain control of asthma symptoms to ensure the child's well-being and quality of life. This involves using appropriate medications as prescribed, identifying and avoiding triggers, and developing an asthma action plan. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because avoiding all physical activities can lead to deconditioning and is not recommended, increasing daily sugar intake is unrelated to managing asthma, and restricting all forms of medication can be harmful as medications are often necessary to control asthma symptoms.

5. What is the primary goal in managing a child with asthma?

• A. Prevent triggering asthma attacks
• B. Avoid triggering asthma attacks
• C. Administer corticosteroids
• D. Increase physical activity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary goal in managing a child with asthma is to avoid triggering asthma attacks. This involves managing allergens, ensuring proper medication use, and creating an asthma action plan. Choice A is incorrect because the goal is to avoid triggering asthma attacks, not necessarily to prevent recurrent infections. Choice C is incorrect as corticosteroids are a treatment option but not the primary goal of asthma management. Choice D is incorrect because although physical activity is important, the primary goal is to prevent asthma attacks and manage symptoms effectively.

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