Nursing Elites

1. What is the recommended treatment for a child with a first-degree burn?

• A. Immediate application of ice
• B. Administration of oral antibiotics
• C. Application of cool, moist compresses
• D. Application of hot packs

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The recommended treatment for a child with a first-degree burn is the application of cool, moist compresses. This helps in reducing pain and swelling without causing further damage to the skin. Applying ice directly to a burn can lead to frostbite and worsen the injury (Choice A). Oral antibiotics are not necessary for first-degree burns as they do not typically involve infection (Choice B). Hot packs should be avoided as they can further damage the skin and increase inflammation (Choice D).

2. What should be a priority for a 4-year-old child with nephrosis?

• A. Impaired body image
• B. Skin impairment
• C. Nutritional deficit
• D. Injury

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Skin impairment. Skin care is a priority in nephrosis due to edema and increased risk of skin breakdown, requiring careful monitoring and management. While impaired body image (Choice A) can be a concern, it is not typically a priority in a 4-year-old with nephrosis. Nutritional deficit (Choice C) is important but addressing skin impairment takes precedence due to the immediate risk of complications related to skin breakdown. Injury (Choice D) is a general concern for children but is not the priority in a child with nephrosis.

3. What is a primary concern for a child with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus?

• A. Increased growth rate
• B. Risk of hyperglycemia
• C. Risk of dehydration
• D. Improved appetite

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Risk of hyperglycemia. When a child is newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, one of the primary concerns is the risk of hyperglycemia, which refers to high blood glucose levels. Hyperglycemia can lead to various complications if not managed properly, making it crucial to stabilize blood glucose levels. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because increased growth rate, risk of dehydration, and improved appetite are not primary concerns specifically associated with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.

4. When an increase in exercise is accompanied by a decrease in body weight, it is an example of what?

• A. variable effect
• B. positive correlation
• C. negative correlation
• D. randomization effect

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When an increase in exercise is accompanied by a decrease in body weight, it demonstrates a negative correlation. This means that as one variable (exercise) increases, the other variable (body weight) decreases. Choice A, 'variable effect,' is vague and does not accurately describe the relationship between exercise and body weight. Choice B, 'positive correlation,' is incorrect because in a positive correlation, both variables would increase or decrease together. Choice D, 'randomization effect,' is unrelated to the scenario described.

5. What is one major weakness of a laboratory-based study?

• A. The costs are typically prohibitive.
• B. Findings are difficult to replicate.
• C. Results from animal testing cannot be applied to human beings.
• D. Experimental variables cannot be easily controlled.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: One major weakness of laboratory-based studies is that results from animal testing cannot always be applied to human beings. This limitation arises due to the inherent biological differences between animals and humans, making the generalization of findings challenging. While costs may be a concern in some cases, they do not represent a universal weakness of laboratory-based studies. Findings in such studies can be replicated to ensure validity, and experimental variables can be effectively controlled in a laboratory setting. Choice C is the correct answer because the translatability of results from animal studies to humans is a significant challenge in laboratory-based research, impacting the direct application of findings to human health and well-being.

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