Nursing Elites

1. What is the main function of proteins in the body?

• A. They provide structural components for the body.
• B. They assist in the absorption of vitamins.
• C. They help with the transport of nutrients in the blood.
• D. They help maintain fluid balance in the body.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The main function of proteins in the body is to provide structural components like muscles, skin, and bones. Proteins are essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues. While proteins play a role in various physiological functions, their primary function is not to assist in the absorption of vitamins (Choice B), help with the transport of nutrients in the blood (Choice C), or maintain fluid balance (Choice D).

2. What is a long-term complication of cleft lip and palate?

• A. Cognitive impairment
• B. Altered growth and development
• C. Faulty dentition
• D. Physical abilities

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct long-term complication of cleft lip and palate is faulty dentition. Individuals with cleft lip and palate may experience dental issues such as missing, extra, or misaligned teeth, which can affect speech and the aesthetic appearance of the mouth. Cognitive impairment, as mentioned in choice A, is not a typical long-term complication associated with cleft lip and palate. While altered growth and development (choice B) can be affected during early stages, it is not a prominent long-term complication. Choice D, physical abilities, is not directly related to the typical long-term complications of cleft lip and palate.

3. How should a healthcare provider address the nutritional needs of a child with chronic kidney disease?

• A. Increase protein intake
• B. Reduce sodium and phosphorus intake
• C. Promote a high-fat diet
• D. Encourage frequent sugary snacks

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Reducing sodium and phosphorus intake is crucial in managing chronic kidney disease in children because it helps prevent complications such as electrolyte imbalances and bone problems. High protein intake can actually be harmful to the kidneys in this condition as it can lead to increased waste production. A high-fat diet is not recommended as it can contribute to heart and blood vessel problems. Encouraging frequent sugary snacks can lead to further complications like obesity and diabetes, which are not beneficial for a child with chronic kidney disease.

4. What is the term for the study of how diet affects gene expression?

• A. Epigenetics
• B. Nutrigenomics
• C. Genomics
• D. Genetics

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nutrigenomics is the study of how diet affects gene expression, influencing health outcomes and disease risk. Epigenetics (choice A) involves changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence. Genomics (choice C) is the study of an organism's entire genome. Genetics (choice D) is the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.

5. Which of the following best describes the purpose of dietary guidelines?

• A. To ensure food safety and sanitation.
• B. To promote overall health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.
• C. To prevent foodborne illnesses.
• D. To provide recommendations for physical activity.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To promote overall health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.' Dietary guidelines aim to improve public health by providing recommendations on dietary patterns and nutrient intake. While ensuring food safety and sanitation (choice A) is important, it is not the primary purpose of dietary guidelines. Preventing foodborne illnesses (choice C) is more related to food safety practices rather than dietary guidelines. Recommendations for physical activity (choice D) are important for overall health but are separate from dietary guidelines, which primarily focus on nutrition.

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