Nursing Elites

1. How should a healthcare provider address the nutritional needs of a child with chronic kidney disease?

• A. Increase protein intake
• B. Reduce sodium and phosphorus intake
• C. Promote a high-fat diet
• D. Encourage frequent sugary snacks

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Reducing sodium and phosphorus intake is crucial in managing chronic kidney disease in children because it helps prevent complications such as electrolyte imbalances and bone problems. High protein intake can actually be harmful to the kidneys in this condition as it can lead to increased waste production. A high-fat diet is not recommended as it can contribute to heart and blood vessel problems. Encouraging frequent sugary snacks can lead to further complications like obesity and diabetes, which are not beneficial for a child with chronic kidney disease.

2. Which of the following is considered a micronutrient?

• A. Protein
• B. Carbohydrate
• C. Vitamin C
• D. Fat

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Corrected Question: Vitamin C is considered a micronutrient because it is required in small amounts for proper body functioning and is essential for health. Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats are macronutrients, needed in larger quantities for energy and other body functions. Vitamin C, being a micronutrient, plays a crucial role in various bodily functions even though it is needed in smaller quantities compared to macronutrients. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Choice A (Protein), Choice B (Carbohydrate), and Choice D (Fat) are incorrect as they are macronutrients required in larger amounts for energy and other body functions.

3. What does the term 'essential nutrient' refer to?

• A. A nutrient that can be synthesized by the body.
• B. A nutrient that is required for proper body functioning.
• C. A nutrient that must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot produce it.
• D. A nutrient that can be stored in the body for long periods.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. An essential nutrient is a substance that is necessary for normal body functioning but cannot be synthesized in adequate amounts by the body, therefore it must be obtained from the diet. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because essential nutrients are not synthesized by the body, they are necessary for body functioning, and they are not typically stored in the body for long periods.

4. How should a healthcare provider approach the care of a child with a suspected fracture?

• A. Immobilize the affected limb and seek medical evaluation
• B. Apply heat to the injury
• C. Allow the child to continue normal activity
• D. Administer over-the-counter pain relief only

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When a child is suspected to have a fracture, it is essential to immobilize the affected limb to prevent further injury. Seeking immediate medical evaluation is crucial for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Applying heat to a suspected fracture can worsen the condition by increasing swelling and pain. Allowing the child to continue normal activity can lead to further damage. Administering only over-the-counter pain relief is insufficient and does not address the need for immobilization and professional evaluation.

5. What is a common symptom of Kawasaki disease?

• A. Persistent fever for more than 5 days
• B. Excessive vomiting
• C. Sudden weight gain
• D. Decreased appetite

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Persistent fever lasting more than 5 days is a hallmark symptom of Kawasaki disease, often accompanied by rash and conjunctivitis. Excessive vomiting (choice B), sudden weight gain (choice C), and decreased appetite (choice D) are not typically associated with Kawasaki disease. Therefore, choices B, C, and D can be eliminated as they do not align with the common symptoms of Kawasaki disease.

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