Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following signs or symptoms is more common in children than adults following head trauma?

• A. nausea and vomiting
• B. altered mental status
• C. tachycardia and diaphoresis
• D. changes in pupillary reaction

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Nausea and vomiting are more common in children following head trauma due to their higher risk of increased intracranial pressure. Children have less skull compliance and higher brain water content, making them more susceptible to developing symptoms like nausea and vomiting. Altered mental status (choice B) can occur in both children and adults but is not more common in children. Tachycardia and diaphoresis (choice C) are nonspecific and can occur in both age groups. Changes in pupillary reaction (choice D) are not typically more common in children following head trauma compared to adults.

2. A healthcare professional is teaching parents about why most children should be immunized against varicella (chickenpox) and why some receiving specific medications should not. Which medication should be included in the discussion?

• A. Insulin
• B. Steroids
• C. Antibiotics
• D. Anticonvulsants

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Steroids. Children receiving steroids should not receive the varicella vaccine as it can increase the risk of severe infection due to the immunosuppressive effects of steroids. Insulin (Choice A) is not a medication that contraindicates varicella vaccination. Antibiotics (Choice C) and anticonvulsants (Choice D) are also not medications that would impact the decision to immunize against varicella.

3. A child who had surgery for a congenital heart defect is being discharged. What is an important aspect of the discharge teaching?

• A. Teaching the parents about signs of infection
• B. Providing instructions on wound care
• C. Scheduling follow-up appointments
• D. Explaining the use of prescribed medications

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Explaining the use of prescribed medications is crucial as it helps ensure the proper management of the child's condition post-discharge. Understanding how and when to administer medications is essential for the child's recovery. While teaching the parents about signs of infection, providing wound care instructions, and scheduling follow-up appointments are also important aspects of care, ensuring the correct use of prescribed medications takes precedence to prevent complications and promote the child's well-being.

4. A healthcare provider is assessing a child with suspected pneumonia. What clinical manifestation is the healthcare provider likely to observe?

• A. Cough
• B. Diarrhea
• C. Rash
• D. Vomiting

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When assessing a child with suspected pneumonia, a healthcare provider is likely to observe a cough as a common clinical manifestation. Pneumonia often presents with symptoms such as cough, fever, difficulty breathing, and chest pain. Choice B, diarrhea, is not typically associated with pneumonia. Choice C, rash, is not a common clinical manifestation of pneumonia. Choice D, vomiting, is also not a typical symptom of pneumonia. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Cough.

5. A group of students is reviewing information about the endocrine system in infants and children. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they state:

• A. Endocrine glands begin developing during gestation.
• B. Endocrine glands are fully functional at birth.
• C. Infants may have difficulty regulating glucose and electrolytes.
• D. A child’s endocrine system plays a significant role in growth and development.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Infants may have difficulty regulating glucose and electrolytes due to their immature endocrine systems. This can lead to issues such as hypoglycemia and electrolyte imbalances. Choice A is incorrect because endocrine glands actually begin developing early in gestation, not just in the third trimester. Choice B is incorrect as endocrine glands are not fully functional at birth; they continue to mature and develop after birth. Choice D is incorrect as a child's endocrine system has a significant impact on growth and development through the secretion of hormones that regulate various processes in the body, but it does not specifically address the difficulty in regulating glucose and electrolytes seen in infants.

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