Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is the best argument for lower patient-to-nurse ratio?

• A. The more patients a nurse has, the better the nurse will be at catching early warning signs.
• B. Greater patient-to-nurse ratios decrease patient mortality.
• C. Adequate nurse levels do not impact the prevalence of urinary tract infections.
• D. Community nursing ratios do not impact Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) rates.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The best argument for lower patient-to-nurse ratios is that they decrease patient mortality. Choice A is incorrect because having more patients can lead to increased workload and decreased attention per patient. Choice C is incorrect as adequate nurse levels can indeed impact the prevalence of infections. Choice D is incorrect as community nursing ratios can impact MRSA rates due to potential transmission risks in healthcare settings.

2. A client is preparing for an elective mastectomy. The client is wearing a plain gold wedding band. Which of the following is an appropriate procedure for taking care of this client's ring?

• A. Agree to keep the ring for the client until after surgery
• B. Place the ring in the bag with the client's clothing
• C. Tape the ring securely to the client's finger
• D. Place the client's ring in the facility safe

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, placing the client's ring in the facility safe is the most appropriate procedure. This ensures the ring is kept secure and prevents any risk of loss or damage during the surgery. Agreeing to keep the ring for the client could raise concerns about accountability, while placing it in the bag with the client's clothing might lead to misplacement. Taping the ring securely to the client's finger is not recommended as it may hinder blood circulation or cause discomfort.

3. A clinical instructor teaches a class for the public about diabetes mellitus. Which individual does the nurse assess as being at highest risk for developing diabetes?

• A. The 50-year-old client who does not engage in any physical exercise
• B. The 56-year-old client who drinks three glasses of wine daily
• C. The 42-year-old client who is 50 pounds overweight
• D. The 38-year-old client who smokes one pack of cigarettes daily

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The 42-year-old client who is 50 pounds overweight is at the highest risk for developing diabetes. Excess weight is a significant risk factor for diabetes as it can lead to insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities. Choices A, B, and D are also risk factors for diabetes, but being overweight has a stronger association with the development of the condition compared to lack of exercise, excessive alcohol consumption, or smoking.

4. Which of the following foods enhances the absorption of an iron supplement?

• A. Orange juice
• B. Green beans
• C. Fortified milk
• D. Baked potato

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Orange juice. Orange juice enhances the absorption of an iron supplement due to its high vitamin C content. Vitamin C helps in the absorption of non-heme iron, the type of iron found in plant-based foods and iron supplements. Green beans, fortified milk, and baked potato do not have the same level of vitamin C as orange juice, making them less effective in enhancing iron absorption.

5. What is the significance of patient advocacy in nursing?

• A. Prioritizing the needs of the healthcare team over the patient
• B. Ensuring that patients' rights and preferences are respected
• C. Limiting patient autonomy
• D. Focusing solely on clinical procedures

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Patient advocacy in nursing entails ensuring that patients' rights and preferences are respected. This involves advocating for the patients' best interests, supporting informed decision-making, and safeguarding their autonomy. Choice A is incorrect because patient advocacy focuses on the patient's needs, not the healthcare team's. Choice C is incorrect as patient advocacy aims to empower patients and enhance their autonomy rather than limiting it. Choice D is incorrect since patient advocacy goes beyond clinical procedures to encompass holistic care that addresses the patients' preferences and rights.

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