Nursing Elites

1. What is a key intervention for a child with a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes?

• A. Insulin administration
• B. Increased dietary fat intake
• C. Restricted fluid intake
• D. Routine physical examinations only

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Insulin administration. When a child is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, insulin administration is a crucial intervention. Insulin helps regulate blood glucose levels by enabling cells to take in glucose from the bloodstream. Without sufficient insulin, blood glucose levels can become dangerously high, leading to various complications. Increased dietary fat intake (choice B) is not a recommended intervention for type 1 diabetes management, as it can contribute to weight gain and other health issues. Restricted fluid intake (choice C) is also not appropriate, as adequate hydration is essential for overall health. Routine physical examinations (choice D) are important but are not the primary intervention needed to manage type 1 diabetes.

2. How should the nurse manage a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who is receiving chemotherapy?

• A. Avoid all physical activity
• B. Ensure strict infection control measures
• C. Increase daily caloric intake
• D. Limit fluid intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ensure strict infection control measures. Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who are undergoing chemotherapy have compromised immune systems, making them highly susceptible to infections. Implementing strict infection control measures, such as hand hygiene, limiting exposure to sick individuals, and maintaining a clean environment, is essential to prevent infections. Choice A is incorrect because avoiding all physical activity may not be necessary as long as the child's activity level is appropriate. Choice C is incorrect because increasing daily caloric intake is important to support the child's nutritional needs during treatment. Choice D is incorrect because limiting fluid intake is not typically recommended unless specifically advised by the healthcare provider.

3. What is the smallest amount of a nutrient that, when consumed over a prolonged period, maintains a specific function?

• A. nutrient allowance
• B. nutrient requirement
• C. nutrient tolerable limit
• D. nutrient adequate intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'B: nutrient requirement.' The nutrient requirement refers to the smallest amount of a nutrient that, when consumed over a prolonged period, maintains a specific function in the body. This amount ensures the body's optimal functioning and health. Choice A, 'nutrient allowance,' is incorrect as it does not specifically refer to the minimum amount needed for bodily functions but rather suggests a broader term. Choice C, 'nutrient tolerable limit,' is incorrect as it pertains to the maximum amount of a nutrient that can be consumed without adverse effects. Choice D, 'nutrient adequate intake,' is incorrect as it refers to the recommended average daily intake level of a nutrient to meet the requirements of most healthy individuals.

4. How should a healthcare provider address a child's nutritional needs with a lactose intolerance diagnosis?

• A. Recommend lactose-free dairy products
• B. Increase dairy intake
• C. Encourage high-fiber diet
• D. Use oral probiotics only

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In managing lactose intolerance in a child, recommending lactose-free dairy products is crucial. These products help address the child's nutritional needs without causing symptoms related to lactose consumption. Choice B is incorrect because increasing dairy intake would exacerbate symptoms in a lactose-intolerant individual as they cannot digest lactose properly. Choice C, encouraging a high-fiber diet, is not directly related to managing lactose intolerance and may not address the primary issue of lactose malabsorption. Choice D, using oral probiotics only, may not be sufficient to address the child's nutritional needs in case of lactose intolerance as the main concern is avoiding lactose-containing products.

5. Parents of a 6-month-old child, diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia, ask why it was not diagnosed earlier. What should the nurse say?

• A. Are you sure your child has iron deficiency anemia?
• B. Maternal stores of iron are depleted at about 6 months.
• C. This anemia is caused by blood loss.
• D. The child may not have had it for a long time.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Maternal stores of iron are depleted at about 6 months.' Iron deficiency anemia becomes apparent around 6 months of age when the infant's iron stores, primarily received from the mother during pregnancy, are depleted. This timing coincides with the introduction of solid foods, which may lack sufficient iron. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not address the specific reason why iron deficiency anemia is typically diagnosed around 6 months of age.

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