Nursing Elites

1. What is a crucial aspect of managing a child with cystic fibrosis?

• A. High-sugar diet
• B. Daily chest physiotherapy
• C. Frequent use of antacids
• D. Limiting fluid intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Daily chest physiotherapy is crucial in managing cystic fibrosis as it helps clear mucus from the lungs, improves respiratory function, and reduces the risk of lung infections. High-sugar diets are not recommended for individuals with cystic fibrosis as they can contribute to mucus production, exacerbating respiratory issues. Frequent use of antacids is not a primary treatment for cystic fibrosis, as it does not address the underlying lung issues. Limiting fluid intake is not typically advised for individuals with cystic fibrosis, as adequate hydration is essential for maintaining lung function and thinning mucus secretions.

2. What is a common symptom of a urinary tract infection in children?

• A. Fever
• B. Weight loss
• C. Abdominal pain
• D. Increased appetite

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Fever is a common symptom of a urinary tract infection in children. It is often accompanied by other symptoms such as pain or discomfort. Weight loss (choice B) is not a typical symptom of a urinary tract infection in children. Abdominal pain (choice C) can be present but is not as specific as fever. Increased appetite (choice D) is not a common symptom of a urinary tract infection.

3. How should a healthcare professional handle a child with a new diagnosis of ADHD?

• A. Provide behavioral therapy and support
• B. Increase sugar intake
• C. Restrict all forms of exercise
• D. Avoid medication use

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When dealing with a child newly diagnosed with ADHD, providing behavioral therapy and support is crucial. This approach helps the child learn coping strategies, improve social skills, and manage their symptoms effectively. Choice B, increasing sugar intake, is incorrect as there is no evidence linking sugar consumption to ADHD. Choice C, restricting all forms of exercise, is inappropriate as regular physical activity can actually benefit children with ADHD by helping them release excess energy and improve focus. Choice D, avoiding medication use, may not be the best course of action as medication prescribed by a healthcare professional can sometimes be beneficial in managing ADHD symptoms when combined with other therapies.

4. The parents of a child with sickle cell anemia ask why their child experiences pain. What is the most likely cause?

• A. Inflammation of the vessels
• B. Obstructed blood flow
• C. Overhydration
• D. Stress-related headaches

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In sickle cell anemia, pain is primarily caused by the obstruction of blood flow by sickle-shaped cells. This obstruction leads to inadequate oxygen supply to tissues, resulting in tissue damage and pain. Choice A, inflammation of the vessels, is incorrect as it is not the primary cause of pain in sickle cell anemia. Choice C, overhydration, is unrelated to the pathophysiology of sickle cell anemia and would not lead to the characteristic pain experienced. Choice D, stress-related headaches, is also unrelated to the underlying mechanisms of pain in sickle cell anemia.

5. Which nutrient source yields more than 4 kcalories per gram?

• A. plant fats
• B. plant proteins
• C. animal proteins
• D. plant carbohydrates

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is plant fats (Choice A). Fats, including plant fats, provide 9 kcalories per gram, which is more than 4 kcalories. Plant proteins (Choice B) and animal proteins (Choice C) provide 4 kcalories per gram. Plant carbohydrates (Choice D) also provide 4 kcalories per gram. Therefore, Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not yield more than 4 kcalories per gram.

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