Nursing Elites

1. In what units are energy measurements expressed by most scientists and nutritionists outside the United States?

• A. newtons
• B. liters
• C. kilojoules
• D. kilocalories

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Kilojoules are the standard units of energy used by most scientists and nutritionists worldwide. Newtons are units of force, liters are units of volume, and kilocalories are more commonly used in the United States but not as widely adopted internationally for energy measurements. Therefore, the correct answer is 'kilojoules.'

2. What is an important consideration when administering medications to a child with hepatic dysfunction?

• A. Increased dosing intervals
• B. Adjustments in dosage due to altered metabolism
• C. Avoid all medications
• D. Use only topical medications

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When administering medications to a child with hepatic dysfunction, it is crucial to make adjustments in dosage due to altered metabolism. Hepatic dysfunction can affect the way medications are metabolized in the body, potentially leading to drug toxicity or reduced effectiveness. This is why adjusting the dosage is essential to ensure the medication is both safe and efficient. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because increasing dosing intervals, avoiding all medications, or using only topical medications do not address the specific issue of altered drug metabolism in hepatic dysfunction.

3. Which nutrient is an organic compound?

• A. salt
• B. water
• C. calcium
• D. vitamin C

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Vitamin C is the correct answer because it is an organic compound containing carbon, which is a defining characteristic of organic compounds. Salt (choice A), water (choice B), and calcium (choice C) are inorganic compounds that do not contain carbon. Inorganic compounds are typically lacking carbon-hydrogen bonds, unlike organic compounds. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect in the context of being organic compounds.

4. What is the primary symptom of a urinary tract infection in young children?

• A. Frequent urination
• B. Abdominal pain
• C. Vomiting
• D. Fever

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Fever. In young children, fever is a common primary symptom of a urinary tract infection, often accompanied by irritability and discomfort. Frequent urination (Choice A) is a symptom more commonly seen in adults with UTIs. While abdominal pain (Choice B) and vomiting (Choice C) can be present, they are not as primary as fever in young children with UTIs.

5. What should be assessed first in a child with suspected head trauma?

• A. Response to verbal stimuli
• B. Pupillary reaction
• C. Skin color
• D. Heart rate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to assess the response to verbal stimuli first in a child with suspected head trauma. This assessment helps in determining the child's level of consciousness and neurological status. Assessing the response to verbal stimuli allows healthcare providers to quickly evaluate if the child is alert, oriented, and able to communicate effectively. This initial assessment is crucial in identifying any immediate concerns related to the child's neurological function. Choices B, C, and D are not the primary assessments in cases of suspected head trauma. While pupillary reaction, skin color, and heart rate are important assessments in trauma situations, assessing the response to verbal stimuli takes precedence in evaluating the neurological status of a child with head trauma.

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