Nursing Elites

1. How should a healthcare professional manage a child with scabies?

• A. Use topical permethrin cream
• B. Administer oral antibiotics
• C. Apply topical antifungals
• D. Provide supportive care only

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Topical permethrin cream is the appropriate treatment for scabies as it effectively kills the mites causing the infestation. Oral antibiotics are not indicated for scabies as it is not a bacterial infection. Topical antifungals are used to treat fungal infections, not scabies. Providing supportive care only would not address the underlying cause of scabies, which is the mite infestation.

2. What is an important aspect of managing a child with chronic kidney disease?

• A. Monitoring electrolyte levels
• B. Increasing protein intake
• C. Limiting fluid intake
• D. Encouraging a high-fat diet

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Monitoring electrolyte levels is crucial in managing chronic kidney disease in children because imbalances can lead to serious complications. Electrolyte levels must be carefully monitored to prevent issues such as electrolyte abnormalities, which can further impact kidney function and overall health. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because increasing protein intake, limiting fluid intake, and encouraging a high-fat diet can exacerbate kidney disease in children by putting extra strain on their kidneys or causing other health problems.

3. What is a causative factor of Hirschsprung disease?

• A. Frequent evacuation of solids, liquids, and gases
• B. Excessive peristaltic movement
• C. Absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells in a portion of the colon
• D. One portion of the bowel telescoping into another

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells in a portion of the colon. Hirschsprung disease is a congenital condition characterized by the absence of nerve cells (ganglia) in parts of the colon. This absence leads to a lack of peristalsis in the affected segment, resulting in severe constipation and bowel obstruction. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Choice A describes symptoms of diarrhea rather than a causative factor of Hirschsprung disease. Excessive peristaltic movement (choice B) is not a causative factor but rather the opposite, as Hirschsprung disease is associated with reduced peristalsis. Choice D, which refers to intussusception, is a different condition unrelated to Hirschsprung disease.

4. How should a healthcare professional address the concerns of parents about their child’s developmental delay?

• A. Recommend immediate diagnostic testing
• B. Suggest waiting for natural development
• C. Provide information about early intervention services
• D. Advise on increasing physical activity

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When addressing concerns about a child's developmental delay, providing information about early intervention services is crucial as it can facilitate timely support and resources. This option helps parents understand the available support systems and interventions for their child. Recommending immediate diagnostic testing may cause unnecessary anxiety without first exploring other supportive options. Suggesting waiting for natural development could result in missed opportunities for early intervention that are crucial for improving developmental outcomes. Advising on increasing physical activity is not directly related to addressing developmental delays and does not address the core issue of developmental delay.

5. The parents of a child with sickle cell anemia ask why their child experiences pain. What is the most likely cause?

• A. Inflammation of the vessels
• B. Obstructed blood flow
• C. Overhydration
• D. Stress-related headaches

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In sickle cell anemia, pain is primarily caused by the obstruction of blood flow by sickle-shaped cells. This obstruction leads to inadequate oxygen supply to tissues, resulting in tissue damage and pain. Choice A, inflammation of the vessels, is incorrect as it is not the primary cause of pain in sickle cell anemia. Choice C, overhydration, is unrelated to the pathophysiology of sickle cell anemia and would not lead to the characteristic pain experienced. Choice D, stress-related headaches, is also unrelated to the underlying mechanisms of pain in sickle cell anemia.

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