Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is teaching a client with cardiac disease about the anatomy and physiology of the heart. Which is the correct pathway of blood flow through the heart?

• A. Right ventricle, left ventricle, right atrium, left atrium
• B. Left ventricle, right ventricle, left atrium, right atrium
• C. Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
• D. Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct pathway of blood flow through the heart starts with blood entering the right atrium, moving to the right ventricle, then to the lungs for oxygenation, returning to the left atrium, and finally to the left ventricle before being pumped out to the body. Option A is incorrect as it starts with the ventricles instead of the atria. Option B is incorrect as it has the sequence of ventricles before atria reversed. Option D is incorrect as it has the atria and ventricles mixed up.

2. The school RN is assessing a group of middle school students for signs of scoliosis and discovers a female student with noticeable unequal symmetry of the upper and lower back. Which intervention is most important for the RN to implement?

• A. Send the student home
• B. Make a referral to have the scoliosis further evaluated.
• C. Withdraw the student from all physical activities
• D. Tell the student not to carry her backpack on her back

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Referring the student for further evaluation of scoliosis is crucial to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate management plan. Sending the student home (choice A) without proper assessment and intervention is not the best course of action. Withdrawing the student from all physical activities (choice C) is not necessary and may cause unnecessary distress. Instructing the student not to carry her backpack on her back (choice D) does not address the underlying issue of scoliosis and is not the most important intervention at this point.

3. During an initial clinic visit, the nurse is taking the history for a client who wants to confirm her pregnancy. The client's last child has a history of low-birth-weight (LBW). Which additional finding is most important for the nurse to consider?

• A. Cigarette smoking.
• B. African American ethnicity.
• C. Poor nutritional status.
• D. Limited maternal education.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for low birth weight. Smoking during pregnancy reduces the amount of oxygen available to the baby, leading to LBW. Choice B, African American ethnicity, while it may be a risk factor, is not as directly linked to LBW as cigarette smoking. Choice C, poor nutritional status, can contribute to LBW but is not as significant as cigarette smoking in this case. Choice D, limited maternal education, is an important social determinant of health but is not as directly related to LBW as cigarette smoking.

4. A community that uses the resources of a neighborhood church to provide a latchkey children program, to sponsor prayer/support groups for people who are ill, and to grow a community health garden that sends vegetables to elderly shut-ins is engaged in what kind of activity?

• A. disease prevention
• B. health protection
• C. risk management
• D. health balance

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the community activities described focus on supporting and promoting overall well-being, which aligns with the concept of health protection. Choice A, disease prevention, is incorrect as the activities are more about supporting health rather than preventing specific diseases. Choice C, risk management, does not fit as the activities are not primarily about managing risks. Choice D, health balance, is not the most appropriate choice as the activities are aimed at protecting and enhancing health rather than achieving a balance.

5. When teaching a responsible family member how to perform a certain procedure for the patient, what is the best approach?

• A. Perform all these steps
• B. Arrange for the practice of the procedure
• C. Describe the procedure
• D. Demonstrate the procedure

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The best approach when teaching a responsible family member a procedure for the patient is to demonstrate the procedure. By demonstrating, the family member can visually see how it is done, making it easier for them to understand and replicate. This hands-on approach is more effective than just describing the procedure (choice C) or arranging for practice (choice B) without a visual demonstration. Performing all the steps (choice A) may not be practical or necessary when the goal is to teach someone else how to do it.

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