Nursing Elites

1. How should a caregiver manage a child with a new diagnosis of sickle cell anemia?

• A. Ensure the child receives frequent blood transfusions
• B. Promote adequate hydration and pain management
• C. Restrict physical activity
• D. Administer high doses of vitamin C

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Promoting adequate hydration and pain management is crucial for managing sickle cell anemia to prevent crises and complications. Adequate hydration helps prevent sickling of red blood cells, while effective pain management is essential for addressing the frequent pain episodes associated with the condition. Ensuring the child receives frequent blood transfusions is not the initial management for sickle cell anemia; transfusions are usually reserved for specific complications. Restricting physical activity should be individualized based on the child's condition; some physical activity is beneficial for overall health. Administering high doses of vitamin C is not a standard treatment for sickle cell anemia and does not address the underlying pathology of the disease.

2. What should be assessed first in a child with suspected head trauma?

• A. Response to verbal stimuli
• B. Pupillary reaction
• C. Skin color
• D. Heart rate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to assess the response to verbal stimuli first in a child with suspected head trauma. This assessment helps in determining the child's level of consciousness and neurological status. Assessing the response to verbal stimuli allows healthcare providers to quickly evaluate if the child is alert, oriented, and able to communicate effectively. This initial assessment is crucial in identifying any immediate concerns related to the child's neurological function. Choices B, C, and D are not the primary assessments in cases of suspected head trauma. While pupillary reaction, skin color, and heart rate are important assessments in trauma situations, assessing the response to verbal stimuli takes precedence in evaluating the neurological status of a child with head trauma.

3. How should a healthcare provider handle a child with a suspected head injury who is showing signs of drowsiness?

• A. Administer pain medication
• B. Perform a full neurological assessment
• C. Allow the child to sleep
• D. Contact a specialist immediately

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When a child with a suspected head injury is showing signs of drowsiness, administering pain medication should not be the first course of action as it may mask important symptoms. Allowing the child to sleep is not recommended as they need to be monitored. Contacting a specialist immediately may delay necessary assessments. Performing a full neurological assessment is the most appropriate action because it helps evaluate the head injury's extent, identify neurological deficits, and guide further intervention or treatment.

4. What is an important aspect of managing a child with asthma in a school setting?

• A. Limiting physical activity
• B. Ensuring access to emergency medications
• C. Reducing the number of classes attended
• D. Avoiding interaction with other students

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ensuring access to emergency medications. In a school setting, it is crucial to have emergency medications available for a child with asthma in case of an asthma attack. This helps in managing asthma effectively and promptly. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because limiting physical activity, reducing the number of classes attended, and avoiding interaction with other students are not recommended strategies for managing asthma in a school setting. Encouraging physical activity, ensuring regular attendance, and promoting social interactions are important for the overall well-being of a child with asthma.

5. What is the primary treatment for a child with an anaphylactic reaction?

• A. Oral antihistamines
• B. Intravenous fluids
• C. Epinephrine injection
• D. Antipyretics

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Epinephrine injection. An epinephrine injection is the primary treatment for an anaphylactic reaction in children. Epinephrine acts quickly to reverse severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, and hives. Oral antihistamines, although useful for milder allergic reactions, are not sufficient to manage the potentially life-threatening symptoms of anaphylaxis. Intravenous fluids may be necessary to support blood pressure in a child with anaphylaxis but are not the primary treatment. Antipyretics, on the other hand, are medications used to reduce fever and are not indicated as the primary treatment for an anaphylactic reaction.

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