Nursing Elites

1. How should a healthcare professional handle a child with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes?

• A. Focus on increasing physical activity and dietary management
• B. Initiate insulin therapy immediately
• C. Limit all carbohydrate intake
• D. Recommend frequent fasting

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In managing type 2 diabetes in a child, focusing on increasing physical activity and dietary management is crucial, especially in the initial treatment phase. This approach helps improve insulin sensitivity and overall glycemic control. Initiating insulin therapy immediately is not the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes in children. Limiting all carbohydrate intake is not advisable as carbohydrates are essential for providing energy and nutrients. Recommending frequent fasting can be harmful and is not a recommended strategy for managing type 2 diabetes in children.

2. What is the smallest amount of a nutrient that, when consumed over a prolonged period, maintains a specific function?

• A. nutrient allowance
• B. nutrient requirement
• C. nutrient tolerable limit
• D. nutrient adequate intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'B: nutrient requirement.' The nutrient requirement refers to the smallest amount of a nutrient that, when consumed over a prolonged period, maintains a specific function in the body. This amount ensures the body's optimal functioning and health. Choice A, 'nutrient allowance,' is incorrect as it does not specifically refer to the minimum amount needed for bodily functions but rather suggests a broader term. Choice C, 'nutrient tolerable limit,' is incorrect as it pertains to the maximum amount of a nutrient that can be consumed without adverse effects. Choice D, 'nutrient adequate intake,' is incorrect as it refers to the recommended average daily intake level of a nutrient to meet the requirements of most healthy individuals.

3. Which nutrient is an organic compound?

• A. salt
• B. water
• C. calcium
• D. vitamin C

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Vitamin C is the correct answer because it is an organic compound containing carbon, which is a defining characteristic of organic compounds. Salt (choice A), water (choice B), and calcium (choice C) are inorganic compounds that do not contain carbon. Inorganic compounds are typically lacking carbon-hydrogen bonds, unlike organic compounds. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect in the context of being organic compounds.

4. What is a common sign of hypothyroidism in children?

• A. Weight loss
• B. Increased heart rate
• C. Dry skin and constipation
• D. Elevated blood pressure

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Dry skin and constipation are typical signs of hypothyroidism in children. Hypothyroidism results from an underactive thyroid gland, leading to symptoms such as dry skin and constipation. Weight loss (Choice A) is more commonly associated with hyperthyroidism, where the thyroid gland is overactive. Increased heart rate (Choice B) and elevated blood pressure (Choice D) are also more characteristic of hyperthyroidism rather than hypothyroidism. Therefore, the correct answer is dry skin and constipation (Choice C) when identifying signs of hypothyroidism in children.

5. What is one benefit of using controls in an experiment?

• A. The size of the groups does not matter.
• B. The subjects are unaware of the experiment's details.
• C. The subjects who are treated are balanced against the placebos.
• D. The subjects are similar in all respects except for the treatment being tested.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Controls in an experiment ensure that the subjects are similar in all respects except for the treatment being tested. This allows for a fair comparison between the treatment group and the control group. Choice A is incorrect because the size of the groups is not the primary benefit of using controls. Choice B is incorrect as blinding, not controls, refers to subjects not knowing about the experiment. Choice C is incorrect as it pertains more to randomization than the use of controls.

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