how should a nurse handle a child with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes

HESI LPN

LPN Nutrition Practice Test

1. How should a healthcare professional handle a child with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes?

A. Focus on increasing physical activity and dietary management
B. Initiate insulin therapy immediately
C. Limit all carbohydrate intake
D. Recommend frequent fasting

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In managing type 2 diabetes in a child, focusing on increasing physical activity and dietary management is crucial, especially in the initial treatment phase. This approach helps improve insulin sensitivity and overall glycemic control. Initiating insulin therapy immediately is not the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes in children. Limiting all carbohydrate intake is not advisable as carbohydrates are essential for providing energy and nutrients. Recommending frequent fasting can be harmful and is not a recommended strategy for managing type 2 diabetes in children.

2. Which nutrient source yields more than 4 kcalories per gram?

A. plant fats
B. plant proteins
C. animal proteins
D. plant carbohydrates

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is plant fats (Choice A). Fats, including plant fats, provide 9 kcalories per gram, which is more than 4 kcalories. Plant proteins (Choice B) and animal proteins (Choice C) provide 4 kcalories per gram. Plant carbohydrates (Choice D) also provide 4 kcalories per gram. Therefore, Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not yield more than 4 kcalories per gram.

3. What is the primary source of energy for the brain and nervous system?

A. Protein
B. Fat
C. Carbohydrate
D. Glucose

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Glucose is the correct answer as it is the primary source of energy for the brain and nervous system. The brain relies heavily on glucose to function optimally. While protein and fat play essential roles in the body, they are not the primary sources of energy for the brain and nervous system. Carbohydrates, on the other hand, are broken down into glucose, which is then used as fuel by the brain and nervous system.

4. What should be monitored closely in a child receiving chemotherapy?

A. Blood glucose levels
B. White blood cell count
C. Blood pressure
D. Heart rate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: White blood cell count. During chemotherapy, it is crucial to monitor the white blood cell count closely to detect potential neutropenia (low white blood cell count) and the associated risk of infections. Monitoring blood glucose levels (Choice A) is important for diabetic management and not directly related to chemotherapy. Blood pressure (Choice C) and heart rate (Choice D) are essential vital signs to monitor but are not the primary focus when monitoring a child receiving chemotherapy.

5. How should a healthcare professional respond to a parent concerned about their child's weight gain?

A. Provide guidance on healthy eating and physical activity
B. Suggest restrictive dieting
C. Recommend increased caloric intake
D. Avoid discussing the issue

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When a parent expresses concern about their child's weight gain, the most appropriate response is to provide guidance on healthy eating and physical activity. This approach promotes healthy weight management and overall well-being. Suggesting restrictive dieting (Choice B) can be harmful, especially for children, as it may lead to unhealthy relationships with food and potential nutritional deficiencies. Recommending increased caloric intake (Choice C) without proper assessment and guidance can exacerbate the issue. Avoiding discussing the issue (Choice D) neglects a critical opportunity to address the parent's concerns and support the child's health.