Nursing Elites

1. How does the acceleration of an object change if the force acting on it is doubled?

• A. Acceleration is halved
• B. Acceleration doubles
• C. Acceleration remains unchanged
• D. Acceleration quadruples

Correct answer: B

Rationale: According to Newton's second law of motion, acceleration is directly proportional to the force acting on an object. When the force acting on an object is doubled, the acceleration of the object will also double. This relationship is described by the formula F = ma, where F is the force applied, m is the mass of the object, and a is the acceleration. Therefore, an increase in force will result in a proportional increase in acceleration. Choice A is incorrect because acceleration does not halve but doubles when force doubles. Choice C is incorrect as acceleration changes in direct proportion to force. Choice D is incorrect as acceleration does not quadruple but doubles when force doubles.

2. What is the relationship between the wavelength (λ) and frequency (f) of a wave with a constant speed (v)?

• A. λ = v / f
• B. λ = f / v
• C. λ = vf
• D. λ is independent of f and v

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The relationship between wavelength (λ), frequency (f), and speed (v) of a wave is given by the formula λ = v / f. This formula is derived from the wave equation v = fλ, where v is the speed of the wave, f is the frequency, and λ is the wavelength. By rearranging the equation, we get λ = v / f, indicating that the wavelength is inversely proportional to the frequency when the speed of the wave is constant. Therefore, choice A, λ = v / f, correctly represents the relationship between wavelength and frequency when the speed of the wave is held constant. Choice B, λ = f / v, is incorrect because it represents an inverse relationship between wavelength and speed, which is not the case. Choice C, λ = vf, is incorrect as it implies a direct relationship between wavelength, frequency, and speed, which is not accurate. Choice D, λ is independent of f and v, is incorrect as both frequency and speed affect the wavelength of a wave, as shown by the correct formula λ = v / f.

3. How does ingested food move through the digestive tract?

• A. Chewing, digestion, absorption
• B. Swallowing, peristalsis, segmentation
• C. Swallowing, mastication, defecation
• D. Digestion, absorption, excretion

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Swallowing, peristalsis, segmentation. Food moves through the digestive tract by first being swallowed, then undergoing peristalsis (wave-like movements that propel food along the digestive tract), and finally undergoing segmentation (mixing movements in the intestines). Chewing and digestion occur in the mouth and stomach, respectively, while absorption and excretion happen later in the digestive process. Choice A is incorrect as absorption is a later stage in the process. Choice C is incorrect because defecation is the elimination of waste, not the movement of food. Choice D is incorrect as excretion is the elimination of waste products, not the movement of ingested food through the digestive tract.

4. Which type of waves travel by causing particles in the medium to vibrate parallel to the direction of wave travel?

• A. Transverse waves
• B. Longitudinal waves
• C. Surface waves
• D. Electromagnetic waves

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Longitudinal waves are waves in which particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of wave travel. These waves are characterized by compressions and rarefactions in the medium, where particles move back and forth in the same direction as the wave. Transverse waves, on the other hand, cause particles to vibrate perpendicular to the direction of wave travel. Surface waves combine both longitudinal and transverse motion, making them different from pure longitudinal waves. Electromagnetic waves, unlike longitudinal and transverse waves, do not require a medium and can travel through a vacuum.

5. Which type of cells make up the myelin sheaths?

• A. Glial cells.
• B. Dendrites.
• C. Melanocytes.
• D. Squamous cells.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Glial cells. Glial cells are responsible for producing the myelin sheaths that surround and insulate nerve cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system are types of glial cells that form the myelin sheaths. Choice B, dendrites, are not involved in forming myelin sheaths; they are extensions of neurons that receive signals. Choice C, melanocytes, are cells responsible for producing melanin, not myelin. Choice D, squamous cells, are flat epithelial cells found in various tissues but are not involved in myelin sheath formation.

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