Nursing Elites

1. Which part of the cell serves as the control center for all cell activity?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Cell membrane
• C. Cytoplasm
• D. Mitochondria

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The corrected question and answer are accurate. The correct answer is A: Nucleus. The nucleus is known as the control center of the cell as it contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and directs all cell activities including growth, metabolism, and reproduction. The other organelles listed in the choices, while important for various cellular functions, do not serve as the central control center for overall cell activity.

2. What term describes the bouncing back of waves after striking a surface or boundary?

• A. Diffraction
• B. Refraction
• C. Reflection
• D. Interference

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Reflection.' Reflection is the term used to describe the bouncing back of waves after striking a surface or boundary. Diffraction, on the other hand, refers to the bending of waves around obstacles. Refraction is the bending of waves as they pass from one medium to another. Interference involves the combination of two or more waves that results in a new wave pattern. Therefore, in this context, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not specifically relate to the bouncing back of waves after striking a surface or boundary.

3. Which organelle in the cell is responsible for protein synthesis?

• A. Ribosome
• B. Nucleus
• C. Mitochondrion
• D. Golgi apparatus

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ribosome. Ribosomes are the organelles responsible for protein synthesis in the cell. They are the cellular machinery where translation, the process of assembling proteins from amino acids based on mRNA sequences, occurs. Ribosomes can be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. The nucleus (choice B) houses DNA but is not directly involved in protein synthesis. Mitochondria (choice C) are responsible for energy production through cellular respiration, not protein synthesis. The Golgi apparatus (choice D) is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion, not in the synthesis of proteins.

4. What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

• A. To provide structural support for the cell
• B. To transport substances in and out of the cell
• C. To synthesize proteins and lipids
• D. To store genetic material

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is to regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell. It acts as a selectively permeable barrier, allowing specific molecules to pass through while blocking others. This role is crucial for maintaining the internal environment of the cell by enabling essential nutrients to enter and waste products to exit. While the cell membrane provides some structural support for the cell, its main function is substance transport. Protein and lipid synthesis predominantly occur in organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, and storing genetic material is the nucleus's responsibility. Therefore, choices C (To synthesize proteins and lipids) and D (To store genetic material) are incorrect as these functions are carried out by other cell organelles, not the cell membrane.

5. What is the periodic table?

• A. A table of elements that are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
• B. A table of elements that are arranged in order of increasing atomic mass.
• C. A table of elements that are arranged in order of their reactivity.
• D. A table of elements that are arranged in order of their color.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, organized based on their atomic number, electron configurations, and recurring chemical properties. Elements are placed in rows (periods) and columns (groups) with similar properties. The elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number, which is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. This arrangement reveals a periodic repetition of chemical properties, forming the basis of the periodic law. Choice B, which suggests arranging elements based on increasing atomic mass, is incorrect because the periodic table is primarily organized by atomic number, not atomic mass. Choices C and D are also incorrect as the periodic table is not based on reactivity or color of elements, but rather on atomic number and properties.

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