Nursing Elites

1. The lymphatic system is a network of vessels and organs that plays a vital role in:

• A. Transporting oxygen and nutrients to cells
• B. Carrying waste products away from tissues
• C. Regulating body temperature
• D. Producing red blood cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Carrying waste products away from tissues. The lymphatic system functions to maintain fluid balance in the body by removing excess fluid, filtering out harmful substances, and transporting waste products away from tissues. It does not primarily focus on transporting oxygen and nutrients to cells, regulating body temperature, or producing red blood cells. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as the primary function of the lymphatic system is related to waste removal and maintaining fluid balance in the body, rather than roles such as nutrient transport, temperature regulation, or red blood cell production.

2. What is the scientific term for a broken bone?

• A. Osteoporosis
• B. Fracture
• C. Sprain
• D. Dislocation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The scientific term for a broken bone is a fracture. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones, not a broken bone. A sprain involves an injury to a ligament, not a bone. Dislocation occurs when the ends of bones are forced out of their normal positions at a joint, which is different from a fracture.

3. What type of lens is thinner at the center than at the edges and causes light rays to diverge?

• A. Convex lens
• B. Concave lens
• C. Diverging lens
• D. Plano-convex lens

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A concave lens is thinner at the center than at the edges, causing light rays to diverge when passing through it. This type of lens is also known as a diverging lens because it causes light rays to spread out. Concave lenses are used in various optical devices to correct vision problems and in scientific instruments to diverge light rays for specific purposes. The other choices are incorrect. A convex lens is thicker at the center and converges light rays, while a plano-convex lens has one flat surface and one convex surface, converging light. Diverging lens is a general term that can refer to concave or plano-concave lenses, but in this context, the specific type being referred to is a concave lens.

4. How is homeostasis defined?

• A. The ability of human beings to keep body weight within normal limits.
• B. The maintenance of a constant external temperature inside a room.
• C. The ingestion of enough food to prevent hunger pains.
• D. The tendency of the body to maintain a stable internal environment.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Homeostasis is defined as the tendency of the body to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. This process involves regulating various physiological parameters such as body temperature, blood pressure, and glucose levels to ensure optimal functioning and health. Option A is incorrect as it specifically refers to body weight regulation, which is not the sole focus of homeostasis. Option B is incorrect as it describes maintaining a constant temperature in a room, rather than the internal environment of the body. Option C is incorrect as it only addresses the prevention of hunger pains through food ingestion, which is not the overarching concept of homeostasis.

5. Which part of the digestive system is responsible for absorbing nutrients?

• A. Esophagus
• B. Stomach
• C. Small intestine
• D. Large intestine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The small intestine is the correct answer because it is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It contains specialized structures such as villi and microvilli that maximize the absorption of nutrients from digested food. The esophagus is responsible for transporting food from the mouth to the stomach; the stomach primarily aids in digestion by secreting enzymes and acids; and the large intestine mainly absorbs water and electrolytes from the remaining indigestible food matter. Therefore, the small intestine plays a crucial role in absorbing essential nutrients for the body's functions, making it the correct choice in this context.

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