Nursing Elites

1. What is the process of breaking down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA, a key molecule in cellular respiration, called?

• A. Beta-oxidation
• B. Lipolysis
• C. Carbohydrate catabolism
• D. Nucleic acid catabolism

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Beta-oxidation is the correct term for the process of breaking down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA molecules. This essential process takes place in the mitochondria and is a pivotal step in fatty acid metabolism for energy production. Lipolysis, however, refers to the breakdown of fats into fatty acids and glycerol but does not specifically involve the conversion of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA. Carbohydrate catabolism focuses on breaking down carbohydrates into glucose for energy production and is not directly linked to the conversion of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA. Nucleic acid catabolism involves the breakdown of nucleic acids into nucleotides and is not associated with the conversion of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA.

2. Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting the rate of a chemical reaction?

• A. Concentration of reactants
• B. Temperature
• C. Presence of a catalyst
• D. Color of the reaction mixture

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The color of the reaction mixture is not a factor affecting the rate of a chemical reaction. Factors such as the concentration of reactants, temperature, and the presence of a catalyst can influence the rate of a chemical reaction by affecting the frequency of collisions between reactant molecules and the energy of those collisions. The color of the reaction mixture is a physical property and does not directly impact the kinetics or speed of the reaction process. It is a qualitative observation that does not alter the reaction rate or mechanisms involved.

3. What is the term for the pressure exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels?

• A. Heart rate
• B. Blood pressure
• C. Cardiac output
• D. Stroke volume

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Blood pressure is the term for the pressure exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and consists of two numbers: systolic pressure (the top number) and diastolic pressure (the bottom number). Heart rate (A) is the number of times the heart beats per minute, cardiac output (C) is the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, and stroke volume (D) is the volume of blood pumped by the heart in one contraction. Understanding blood pressure is crucial in assessing cardiovascular health and the risk of various conditions like hypertension.

4. In the reaction 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O, how many moles of oxygen are required to react completely with 4 moles of hydrogen?

• A. 1
• B. 2
• C. 3
• D. 4

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The balanced chemical equation indicates that 2 moles of H2 react with 1 mole of O2 to produce 2 moles of H2O. To determine how many moles of O2 are required to react with 4 moles of H2, you can use the mole ratio from the balanced equation: 2 moles of H2 react with 1 mole of O2. Therefore, to react completely with 4 moles of H2, you would need 2 moles of O2 (4 moles H2 ÷ 2 moles H2 per 1 mole O2). Hence, 2 moles of oxygen are required to react completely with 4 moles of hydrogen. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the correct stoichiometry as defined by the balanced chemical equation.

5. Which hormone, produced by the pituitary gland, stimulates the production of milk in mammary glands during breastfeeding?

• A. Growth hormone (GH)
• B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
• C. Prolactin
• D. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Prolactin is the hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the production of milk in mammary glands during breastfeeding. It plays a crucial role in lactation by promoting the development of mammary tissue and the production of milk. Growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) do not directly stimulate milk production in mammary glands. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect in the context of stimulating milk production during breastfeeding.

Similar Questions