Nursing Elites

1. Who is credited with creating a written record of health care practices and dispelling the mythical aspect of health care?

• A. Hammurabi
• B. Florence Nightingale
• C. Hippocrates
• D. Apollo

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Hippocrates is credited with creating the first medical textbook, where he documented contemporary health care practices and separated them from the mythical belief that Apollo was responsible for health. Hippocrates' work laid the foundation for evidence-based medicine and emphasized the importance of observation and clinical experience in healthcare practices. Choice A, Hammurabi, is known for his code of laws rather than medical advancements. Florence Nightingale is recognized for her contributions to nursing and healthcare reform, not for creating a written record of health care practices. Apollo, a Greek god associated with healing, is part of the mythical aspect of health care that Hippocrates aimed to dispel.

2. A healthcare professional is interested in locating reliable information concerning non-invasive blood glucose monitoring. Information is found, and the author is a scientist who conducted studies within the last year on the effectiveness of a non-invasive blood glucose monitor. The scientist received funding from a pharmaceutical company to support the studies. The URL indicates the pharmaceutical company excite.com. The healthcare professional is concerned about what component associated with this information?

• A. Accuracy
• B. Currency
• C. Authority
• D. Objectivity

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Objectivity is questioned when there is a potential conflict of interest, such as funding from a pharmaceutical company. In this scenario, the scientist's ties to the pharmaceutical company through funding may introduce bias, affecting the objectivity of the information provided. The author's connection to the pharmaceutical company may influence the objectivity of the research findings, making it essential for the healthcare professional to consider this aspect when evaluating the reliability of the information.

3. How can a healthcare provider best address the spiritual aspect of caring for a patient?

• A. Explain the patient's spiritual beliefs to the healthcare provider.
• B. Ask the patient to share their spiritual beliefs.
• C. Ask what the patient requires to meet their spiritual needs.
• D. Consult with a spiritual leader to understand the patient's spiritual needs.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The most effective way for a healthcare provider to address the spiritual aspect of caring for a patient is by asking what the patient requires to meet their spiritual needs. This approach respects the patient's autonomy, acknowledges their individual beliefs, and allows for personalized and patient-centered care. Choice A is incorrect as it focuses on the healthcare provider's understanding rather than the patient's needs. Choice B could be invasive and may not be necessary to provide adequate spiritual care. Choice D involves consulting a spiritual leader, which may not always align with the patient's personal beliefs and preferences.

4. How does the high degree of professionalism among nurses impact their willingness to engage in organized strikes?

• A. Nurses often find union activities such as strikes in conflict with the need to serve and protect clients and their profession
• B. Nurses use evidence-based studies that reflect both management and labor views to support participation in unionization
• C. Nurses who strike can be legally punished for abandonment and negligence considered to be professional misconduct
• D. Nurses most often turn to collective bargaining strategies such as strikes to emphasize client's safety initiatives

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. The high level of professionalism among nurses, as recognized in Gallup polls, often leads them to perceive organized strikes as conflicting with their duty to care for patients and uphold their professional standards. This conflict of interest can cause nurses to be hesitant or reluctant to participate in strikes. Choice B is incorrect because nurses' decision to engage in strikes is more influenced by professional values and patient care rather than evidence-based studies on management and labor views. Choice C is incorrect because while legal consequences may be a concern, the primary factor influencing nurses' decision on strikes is their professional commitment to patient care. Choice D is incorrect as nurses' focus during strikes is more on advocating for patient safety rather than emphasizing safety initiatives.

5. The healthcare provider is caring for an adolescent who will be hospitalized for several weeks while in traction. The patient frequently has a room full of friends, and they can be heard laughing. The healthcare provider recognizes this patient is meeting which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

• A. Self-esteem
• B. Love and belonging
• C. Safety
• D. Self-actualization

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Love and belonging needs, as per Maslow's hierarchy, refer to the sense of belonging, being accepted, and forming meaningful relationships. In this scenario, the patient having friends around and engaging in social interactions indicates fulfillment of the love and belonging need. Choice A, self-esteem, focuses on self-respect and confidence, which are not directly related to the patient's interaction with friends. Choice C, safety, involves physical and psychological safety, which may be important but not the primary need being met in this situation. Choice D, self-actualization, relates to realizing personal potential, creativity, and achieving goals, which are at a higher level in the hierarchy compared to the need for love and belonging.

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