LPN LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020
1. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has dumping syndrome about measures to reduce manifestations. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Drink plenty of fluids after meals
- B. Increase sugar intake
- C. Eat smaller, more frequent meals
- D. Avoid foods high in sugar content
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct instruction the nurse should include in teaching a client with dumping syndrome is to 'Avoid foods high in sugar content.' Dumping syndrome occurs when high-sugar foods move too quickly into the small intestine, leading to symptoms like abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and bloating. By avoiding foods high in sugar content, the client can reduce these symptoms. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Drinking plenty of fluids after meals may exacerbate symptoms by speeding up the movement of food through the digestive system. Increasing sugar intake would worsen dumping syndrome symptoms. While eating smaller, more frequent meals is a good strategy, the key emphasis should be on avoiding high-sugar foods.
2. When caring for a client diagnosed with delirium, what condition should the nurse prioritize investigating?
- A. Investigate medication history
- B. Investigate sensory deficits
- C. Investigate cognitive functioning
- D. Investigate for signs of infection
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is to investigate for signs of infection when caring for a client diagnosed with delirium. Infections can frequently cause or worsen delirium. While investigating medication history, sensory deficits, and cognitive functioning may be important in the overall care of the client, when prioritizing, the nurse should first rule out or address potential infections due to their significant impact on delirium.
3. How should a healthcare professional respond to a patient with hypokalemia?
- A. Administer potassium supplements and monitor ECG
- B. Restrict fluid intake and provide a high-sodium diet
- C. Monitor sodium levels and provide insulin therapy
- D. Provide calcium supplements and monitor for hyperkalemia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Hypokalemia is managed by administering potassium supplements to correct the low potassium levels in the body. Monitoring the ECG is essential because low potassium levels can lead to cardiac arrhythmias. Choice B is incorrect as restricting fluid intake and providing a high-sodium diet are not appropriate for managing hypokalemia. Choice C is incorrect because hypokalemia involves low potassium levels, not sodium levels, and insulin therapy does not directly address this issue. Choice D is incorrect as calcium supplements are not indicated for hypokalemia, and monitoring for hyperkalemia is not relevant in this case.
4. A nurse is assisting with the admission of a client who has major depressive disorder. Which of the following communication techniques should the nurse use to establish a trusting relationship with the client?
- A. Offer medical advice
- B. Offer general leads
- C. Ask open-ended questions
- D. Use assertive communication
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In the context of establishing a trusting relationship with a client who has major depressive disorder, offering general leads is the most appropriate communication technique. General leads encourage clients to express themselves by providing subtle prompts or cues, which can help build rapport and trust. Offering medical advice (Choice A) is not suitable as it may come across as imposing and could hinder the establishment of trust. Asking open-ended questions (Choice C) is beneficial for eliciting detailed responses but may not be as effective at initially establishing trust as general leads. Using assertive communication (Choice D) can be perceived as aggressive and intimidating, which is not conducive to building a trusting relationship with a client who has major depressive disorder.
5. A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client with home oxygen therapy. What safety measure should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Allow smoking in designated outdoor areas
- B. Keep oxygen tanks upright and away from heat sources
- C. Store oxygen tanks in a closet when not in use
- D. Keep oxygen equipment at least 10 feet away from open flames
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct safety measure that the nurse should emphasize is to keep oxygen tanks upright and away from heat sources. This is crucial to prevent the risk of fire or explosion. Choice A is incorrect as smoking near oxygen can lead to a fire hazard. Choice C is also incorrect as storing oxygen tanks in enclosed spaces can be dangerous. Choice D, although related to safety, does not address the immediate risk of keeping oxygen tanks away from heat sources.
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