LPN LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020
1. A nurse at a long-term care facility is transcribing new prescriptions for four clients. Which of the following prescriptions is accurately transcribed by the nurse?
- A. KCl 10 mEq PO once daily
- B. KCl 20 mEq PO once daily
- C. Potassium gluconate PO
- D. Potassium chloride 20 mEq PO every morning
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it accurately transcribes the prescription by specifying the medication (Potassium chloride), the dose (20 mEq), the route (PO for by mouth), and the frequency (every morning). Choice A is incorrect as it specifies a lower dose compared to the correct prescription. Choice B is incorrect due to an inaccurate dose. Choice C is incorrect as it lacks specificity regarding the type of potassium prescribed and the dose.
2. A nurse is caring for a 37-year-old woman with metastatic ovarian cancer admitted for nausea and vomiting. The physician orders total parenteral nutrition (TPN), a nutritional consult, and diet recall. Which of the following is the BEST indication that the patient's nutritional status has improved after 4 days?
- A. The patient eats most of the food served to her
- B. The patient has gained 1 pound since admission
- C. The patient's albumin level is 4.0mg/dL
- D. The patient's hemoglobin is 8.5g/dL
Correct answer: C
Rationale: An improved albumin level is the best indicator of improved nutritional status after TPN. Albumin is a key protein that reflects the body's overall nutritional status and is commonly used to assess nutritional health. Choices A, B, and D are not as reliable indicators of improved nutritional status. Choice A may not accurately reflect nutritional improvement as it could be influenced by factors other than nutrition. Choice B may indicate fluid retention or loss rather than true nutritional improvement. Choice D, hemoglobin level, is more related to anemia and oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, rather than nutritional status.
3. What is an essential nursing intervention for a client experiencing delirium?
- A. Control behavioral symptoms with low-dose psychotropics
- B. Identify the underlying causative condition
- C. Increase environmental stimulation
- D. Administer antipsychotic medication
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B - 'Identify the underlying causative condition.' When a client is experiencing delirium, it is crucial to determine the root cause of this acute change in mental status. This can involve a thorough assessment to identify any medical conditions, medications, infections, or environmental factors that may be contributing to the delirium. By pinpointing the underlying cause, appropriate interventions can be implemented to address the specific issue. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because controlling behavioral symptoms with low-dose psychotropics, increasing environmental stimulation, and administering antipsychotic medication do not target the primary need of identifying and addressing the causative condition of delirium.
4. How should a healthcare professional respond to a patient with hypokalemia?
- A. Administer potassium supplements and monitor ECG
- B. Restrict fluid intake and provide a high-sodium diet
- C. Monitor sodium levels and provide insulin therapy
- D. Provide calcium supplements and monitor for hyperkalemia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Hypokalemia is managed by administering potassium supplements to correct the low potassium levels in the body. Monitoring the ECG is essential because low potassium levels can lead to cardiac arrhythmias. Choice B is incorrect as restricting fluid intake and providing a high-sodium diet are not appropriate for managing hypokalemia. Choice C is incorrect because hypokalemia involves low potassium levels, not sodium levels, and insulin therapy does not directly address this issue. Choice D is incorrect as calcium supplements are not indicated for hypokalemia, and monitoring for hyperkalemia is not relevant in this case.
5. What is the most important intervention for a client with delirium?
- A. Administer sedative medication
- B. Identify any reversible causes of delirium
- C. Provide a low-stimulation environment
- D. Increase environmental stimulation
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to identify any reversible causes of delirium. Delirium can be caused by various factors such as infections, medications, or metabolic imbalances. Addressing these underlying causes can help resolve delirium. Administering sedative medication (Choice A) can worsen delirium by further altering mental status. Providing a low-stimulation environment (Choice C) is helpful to manage delirium symptoms, but it is not the most important intervention. Increasing environmental stimulation (Choice D) is contraindicated in delirium as it can exacerbate confusion and agitation.
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