LPN LPN
LPN Fundamentals of Nursing Quizlet
1. A client receives discharge teaching on a new prescription for lisinopril. Which of the following instructions should be included?
- A. Avoid foods high in potassium.
- B. Take the medication with food.
- C. Increase your intake of salt.
- D. Take the medication at bedtime.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction that should be included when a client receives discharge teaching on a new prescription for lisinopril is to 'Avoid foods high in potassium.' Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, can lead to hyperkalemia by reducing potassium excretion. Therefore, clients taking lisinopril should be advised to avoid foods high in potassium to prevent potential complications associated with elevated potassium levels. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because taking lisinopril with food, increasing salt intake, or taking the medication at bedtime are not specific instructions related to lisinopril therapy and may not be beneficial or necessary for the client's condition.
2. A client has a new prescription for a potassium-sparing diuretic. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend?
- A. Bananas
- B. Oranges
- C. Spinach
- D. Apples
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Clients on potassium-sparing diuretics need to avoid high-potassium foods to prevent hyperkalemia. Apples are a low-potassium fruit, making them a suitable recommendation for clients on this type of diuretic. Bananas, oranges, and spinach are high-potassium foods that should be avoided by clients taking potassium-sparing diuretics to prevent complications such as hyperkalemia.
3. A client with a new prescription for a dry-powder inhaler (DPI) is receiving teaching from a healthcare provider. Which of the following statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will shake the inhaler before use.
- B. I will take the medication with food.
- C. I will inhale the medication quickly.
- D. I will use a spacer with the inhaler.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Choosing option C, 'I will inhale the medication quickly,' demonstrates an understanding of DPI use. Inhaling the medication quickly ensures effective delivery of the dry powder to the lungs, maximizing its therapeutic effects. Options A, B, and D are incorrect as shaking the DPI, taking it with food, and using a spacer are not recommended practices for DPI administration. Shaking a DPI can cause clumping or uneven dispersion of the medication, taking it with food may not affect its efficacy but can increase the risk of side effects, and using a spacer is not necessary for DPIs which are breath-actuated and do not require coordination with inhalation through a spacer.
4. A healthcare provider is planning care for a client who has a latex allergy. Which of the following actions should the healthcare provider include in the plan?
- A. Use latex gloves without powder.
- B. Place a sign on the client's door.
- C. Apply latex gloves before donning gloves.
- D. Avoid using latex equipment.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Placing a sign on the client’s door is crucial in alerting healthcare providers to the client's latex allergy, helping them avoid using latex products, which can trigger an allergic reaction. This precaution can prevent accidental exposure and ensure the client's safety during care. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Using latex gloves without powder (Choice A) is a good practice, but the question is specifically asking about an action related to the client's latex allergy, not the healthcare provider's protection. Applying latex gloves before donning gloves (Choice C) is unnecessary and could exacerbate the client's latex allergy. Avoiding using plastic equipment (Choice D) is not related to preventing exposure to latex, which is the primary concern in this scenario.
5. A healthcare professional is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new prescription for warfarin. Which of the following instructions should the healthcare professional include?
- A. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice.
- B. Take aspirin for pain relief.
- C. Consume a consistent amount of green leafy vegetables.
- D. Use an electric razor when shaving.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Consuming a consistent amount of green leafy vegetables is important for clients taking warfarin as these foods contain vitamin K, which can affect the medication's effectiveness. Maintaining a consistent intake helps stabilize the International Normalized Ratio (INR) levels, which is crucial for monitoring the blood's ability to clot properly while on warfarin therapy. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Avoiding grapefruit juice is generally recommended with certain medications due to its interaction with liver enzymes, which is not directly related to warfarin. Taking aspirin along with warfarin can increase the risk of bleeding. Using an electric razor when shaving is a safety precaution for those at risk of bleeding, but it is not directly related to the medication warfarin.
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