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ATI Proctored Community Health
1. Which of the following is a common sign of dehydration in infants?
- A. Frequent urination
- B. Sunken fontanelle
- C. Excessive drooling
- D. Increased appetite
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A sunken fontanelle is a common sign of dehydration in infants. The fontanelle is the soft spot on an infant's head where the skull bones have not yet fused. When an infant is dehydrated, the fontanelle can appear sunken or indented. It is important for caregivers and healthcare providers to recognize this sign promptly to ensure timely intervention and hydration for the infant.
2. Which vaccine is typically administered to newborns within the first 24 hours of birth?
- A. Hepatitis B
- B. BCG
- C. OPV
- D. Measles
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Hepatitis B. The Hepatitis B vaccine is usually administered to newborns within the first 24 hours of birth to provide protection against Hepatitis B infection. This early vaccination helps prevent transmission of the virus from infected mothers to their babies during childbirth, reducing the risk of chronic liver disease and liver cancer later in life.
3. What is the best type of milk for infants below 6 months of age?
- A. Cow's milk
- B. Goat's milk
- C. Breast milk
- D. Soy milk
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Breast milk is considered the best and most complete form of nutrition for infants below 6 months of age. It contains the ideal balance of nutrients, antibodies, and other components essential for the baby's growth, development, and immune system. Breast milk is easily digestible and helps protect infants from infections and illnesses. It is recommended by healthcare professionals as the optimal choice for feeding infants during the first 6 months of life.
4. Which age group is most vulnerable to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)?
- A. Infants below 6 months
- B. Children aged 1-4 years
- C. Adolescents
- D. Elderly
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Children aged 1-4 years are most vulnerable to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) due to their rapid growth and development, increased nutritional requirements, and sometimes inadequate diets. This age group is particularly susceptible to malnutrition if they do not receive adequate protein and energy-rich foods to support their growth and development.
5. What is the primary goal of health education?
- A. To diagnose diseases
- B. To change behavior for improved health
- C. To provide emergency medical care
- D. To perform surgeries
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The primary goal of health education is to empower individuals with knowledge and skills to make informed decisions and adopt behaviors that lead to improved health outcomes. It focuses on promoting healthy habits, disease prevention, and overall well-being.
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