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PN ATI Comprehensive Predictor
1. What is the best dietary recommendation for a patient with chronic kidney disease?
- A. Low-protein diet
- B. High-protein diet
- C. Low-sodium diet
- D. High-sodium diet
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is a low-protein diet for a patient with chronic kidney disease. In chronic kidney disease, the kidneys may have difficulty filtering waste products from protein metabolism, leading to a buildup of toxins in the body. Therefore, reducing protein intake can help lessen the workload on the kidneys. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. A high-protein diet would increase the workload on the kidneys, while a low-sodium diet is beneficial for conditions like hypertension or heart failure but not specifically targeted for chronic kidney disease. A high-sodium diet can worsen fluid retention and hypertension in patients with kidney disease.
2. A client with a tracheostomy is exhibiting signs of respiratory distress. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Notify the healthcare provider
- B. Suction the tracheostomy
- C. Administer a bronchodilator
- D. Increase the oxygen flow rate
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When a client with a tracheostomy is experiencing respiratory distress, the priority action is to suction the tracheostomy to clear the airway and improve breathing. This helps remove secretions or blockages that may be causing the distress. Notifying the healthcare provider (Choice A) can be done after ensuring immediate airway clearance. Administering a bronchodilator (Choice C) would not address the primary issue of airway clearance in a tracheostomy patient. Increasing the oxygen flow rate (Choice D) may be necessary but should come after ensuring the airway is clear.
3. A nurse on an acute unit has received a change of shift report for 4 clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse assess first?
- A. A client who is 1 hr postoperative and has hypoactive bowel sounds.
- B. A client who has a fractured left tibia and pallor in the affected extremity.
- C. A client who had a cardiac catheterization 3 hr ago and has 3+ pedal pulses.
- D. A client who has an elevated AST level following the administration of azithromycin.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because pallor in an extremity after a fracture could indicate compromised circulation, making it a priority for assessment. Choice A is not the priority as hypoactive bowel sounds in a client 1 hr postoperative, while concerning, do not indicate a life-threatening condition. Choice C, a client who had a cardiac catheterization 3 hr ago and has 3+ pedal pulses, indicates good perfusion and does not require immediate attention. Choice D, a client with an elevated AST level following the administration of azithromycin, may require further assessment but is not as urgent as the client with potential compromised circulation in choice B.
4. What intervention is essential for a client with dehydration?
- A. Monitor electrolyte levels regularly
- B. Administer oral rehydration solutions
- C. Increase fluid intake to maintain hydration
- D. Administer intravenous fluids to treat dehydration
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Administering oral rehydration solutions is essential for a client with dehydration as it helps replenish lost fluids and electrolytes directly through the oral route. Monitoring electrolyte levels regularly (Choice A) is important but not as essential as providing immediate rehydration. Increasing fluid intake to maintain hydration (Choice C) may not be sufficient for a client already dehydrated and needing rapid replenishment. Administering intravenous fluids (Choice D) is a more invasive intervention typically reserved for severe cases of dehydration or when the client cannot tolerate oral fluids.
5. What are the complications of untreated Type 1 diabetes?
- A. Diabetic ketoacidosis and retinopathy
- B. Hypoglycemia and neuropathy
- C. Hypotension and kidney failure
- D. Infection and fluid overload
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Diabetic ketoacidosis and retinopathy are indeed common complications of untreated Type 1 diabetes. Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs when the body starts breaking down fat for fuel, leading to a dangerous buildup of ketones in the blood. Retinopathy refers to damage to the blood vessels of the retina due to high blood sugar levels over time. The other choices, hypoglycemia and neuropathy (choice B), hypotension and kidney failure (choice C), and infection and fluid overload (choice D) are not typically the primary complications associated with untreated Type 1 diabetes.
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