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PN ATI Capstone Pharmacology 1 Quiz
1. A 65-year-old client is taking methylprednisolone. What pharmacological action should the nurse expect with this therapy?
- A. Suppression of beta2 receptors.
- B. Suppression of airway mucus production.
- C. Fortification of bones.
- D. Suppression of candidiasis.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Suppression of airway mucus production.' Methylprednisolone, a corticosteroid, is known to suppress airway mucus production. While corticosteroids can enhance the responsiveness of beta2 receptors, they are not directly involved in the suppression of these receptors (Choice A). Corticosteroids can lead to adverse effects such as bone loss, rather than fortification of bones (Choice C). They can also increase the risk of infections like candidiasis but do not directly suppress it (Choice D). Therefore, the most expected pharmacological action of methylprednisolone therapy is the suppression of airway mucus production.
2. A nurse is assessing a client with chronic kidney disease. Which of the following should the nurse monitor for?
- A. Hyperkalemia
- B. Hypercalcemia
- C. Hypoglycemia
- D. Hyponatremia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hyperkalemia. Clients with chronic kidney disease are at risk for hyperkalemia due to impaired potassium excretion. In chronic kidney disease, the kidneys are unable to effectively excrete potassium, leading to its accumulation in the blood. Hypercalcemia (Choice B) is not typically associated with chronic kidney disease. Hypoglycemia (Choice C) refers to low blood sugar levels and is not directly related to chronic kidney disease. Hyponatremia (Choice D) is a condition characterized by low sodium levels and is not a typical concern in chronic kidney disease.
3. A nurse is providing teaching about the Mediterranean diet to a client who has a new diagnosis of hypertension. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I will limit my intake of red meat to twice monthly.
- B. I can have dairy in moderate portions daily.
- C. I can have fish two times a week.
- D. I can drink wine in moderation.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. In the Mediterranean diet, red meat should be limited to two times monthly, not weekly. Choice B is correct as dairy in moderate portions daily is suitable for the Mediterranean diet. Choice C is also correct as having fish two times a week aligns with the Mediterranean diet. Choice D is correct as moderate wine consumption is a component of the Mediterranean diet.
4. A client with heart failure who presents with dyspnea, bibasilar crackles, and frothy sputum should receive which dietary recommendation?
- A. Decrease protein intake.
- B. Reduce sodium intake.
- C. Increase fluid intake.
- D. Decrease calcium intake.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to reduce sodium intake. In heart failure, excess sodium can lead to fluid retention, exacerbating symptoms like dyspnea, bibasilar crackles, and frothy sputum. Therefore, reducing sodium intake is crucial in managing heart failure. Decreasing protein intake is not typically recommended in heart failure management. Increasing fluid intake would worsen the condition by further contributing to fluid overload. Decreasing calcium intake is not directly related to managing heart failure symptoms such as dyspnea, bibasilar crackles, and frothy sputum.
5. A healthcare provider is caring for a client prescribed amiodarone. Which of the following should the healthcare provider monitor?
- A. Liver function tests
- B. Serum potassium levels
- C. Blood pressure
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Amiodarone is known to potentially affect liver function, potassium levels, and blood pressure. Monitoring all these parameters regularly is crucial to detect any adverse effects early on. Liver function tests are necessary as amiodarone can cause hepatotoxicity. Serum potassium levels should be monitored due to the risk of hypokalemia or hyperkalemia with amiodarone use. Blood pressure monitoring is essential as amiodarone can cause hypotension or hypertension. Choosing 'All of the above' is the correct answer because all these parameters should be monitored to ensure the client's safety and well-being. Monitoring only one or two of these parameters may lead to missing important signs of adverse effects.
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