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ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam 2019 Answers
1. How is the enzyme trypsin activated?
- A. By zymogen.
- B. By bile.
- C. By gastrin.
- D. By enterokinase.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: By enterokinase. Trypsin is activated by enterokinase, an enzyme secreted by the small intestine. Enterokinase plays a crucial role in converting trypsinogen into its active form, trypsin. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because trypsin is specifically activated by enterokinase, not by zymogen, bile, or gastrin.
2. Which nutrient has a protein-sparing effect?
- A. Glycerol
- B. Carbohydrate
- C. Nitrogen
- D. Fatty acids
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Carbohydrates have a protein-sparing effect, meaning that adequate carbohydrate intake can prevent the use of protein for energy. Glycerol, nitrogen, and fatty acids do not have a protein-sparing effect. Glycerol is a component of fats and oils, nitrogen is a component of proteins, and fatty acids are used primarily as an energy source.
3. What are dextrins?
- A. Polysaccharides.
- B. End products of starch digestion.
- C. Formed in the liver.
- D. Rapidly excreted.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Dextrins are a type of polysaccharides formed during the breakdown of starch. Choice A is correct because dextrins are indeed polysaccharides, not the end products of starch digestion (Choice B). They are not formed in the liver (Choice C) nor rapidly excreted (Choice D).
4. Proteins from plant sources such as grains, nuts, and legumes are classified as:
- A. incomplete.
- B. complete.
- C. indispensable.
- D. dispensable.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'incomplete.' Proteins from plant sources like grains, nuts, and legumes are considered incomplete because they often lack one or more essential amino acids required by the body. Choice B, 'complete,' is incorrect because complete proteins contain all essential amino acids in adequate amounts. Choice C, 'indispensable,' is incorrect as it refers to essential amino acids rather than the classification of plant proteins. Choice D, 'dispensable,' is also incorrect as it implies that these proteins are not necessary, which is not the case.
5. Where is Vitamin B12 found?
- A. Whole grains.
- B. Nuts.
- C. Meats.
- D. Legumes.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal-derived foods like meats. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as whole grains, nuts, and legumes do not naturally contain significant amounts of Vitamin B12. Therefore, the correct answer is 'C: Meats.'
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