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ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam 2019 Answers
1. Which option below is an example of a meal or snack that contains complementary proteins?
- A. an egg and cheese omelet
- B. a peanut butter sandwich
- C. trail mix with nuts and raisins
- D. mixed bean salad with green beans, kidney beans, and white beans
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, a peanut butter sandwich. A peanut butter sandwich combines grains from the bread and proteins from the nuts in the peanut butter, providing complementary proteins. This combination offers all essential amino acids. Choices A, C, and D do not contain complementary proteins as they lack the combination of different protein sources necessary to provide a complete amino acid profile.
2. Which phase of metabolism makes growth and repair possible?
- A. digestion
- B. catabolism
- C. anabolism
- D. ketosis
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Anabolism is the phase of metabolism responsible for building up and repairing tissues in the body. It involves processes that require energy to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones. Digestion (choice A) is the process of breaking down food into simpler substances for absorption. Catabolism (choice B) involves the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones with the release of energy. Ketosis (choice D) is a metabolic state where the body uses fat as the primary source of energy, which is not directly related to growth and repair.
3. Which condition may benefit from branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine)?
- A. cancer-related malnutrition
- B. marasmus
- C. cardiovascular disease
- D. severe depression
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Branched chain amino acids, such as leucine, isoleucine, and valine, are essential in preventing muscle breakdown. Therefore, they may be particularly important for a patient with cancer-related malnutrition, where maintaining muscle mass is crucial. Marasmus is a severe form of malnutrition characterized by energy deficiency, not specifically related to cancer. Cardiovascular disease and severe depression do not have a direct correlation with the need for branched chain amino acids to prevent muscle breakdown.
4. Where does the major portion of the chemical digestion of lipids occur?
- A. Mouth.
- B. Stomach.
- C. Small intestine.
- D. Large intestine.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Small intestine. The majority of lipid digestion occurs in the small intestine, where bile and pancreatic lipase are active. Lipids are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the mouth and stomach play minor roles in lipid digestion, and the large intestine is mainly responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from the indigestible food residues.
5. What is the maximum recommended daily intake of cholesterol?
- A. 100 mg.
- B. 200 mg.
- C. 300 mg.
- D. 400 mg.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 300 mg. The recommended maximum daily intake of cholesterol is 300 mg to reduce the risk of heart disease. Option A (100 mg) is too low, which may not provide enough cholesterol for normal bodily functions. Option B (200 mg) is also below the recommended limit. Option D (400 mg) exceeds the recommended daily intake, increasing the risk of heart disease.
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