LPN LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 with NGN
1. A client reports difficulty having a bowel movement. What is the most appropriate intervention?
- A. Administer a laxative to relieve constipation
- B. Encourage the client to increase fiber intake
- C. Advise the client to rest in bed to avoid straining
- D. Encourage the client to exercise to stimulate bowel movement
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to encourage the client to increase fiber intake. Fiber helps promote regular bowel movements by adding bulk to the stool, making it easier to pass. Administering a laxative (Choice A) should not be the first-line intervention as it can lead to dependency and may not address the underlying cause of constipation. Advising the client to rest in bed (Choice C) may worsen constipation as physical activity helps stimulate bowel movements. Encouraging the client to exercise (Choice D) is beneficial, but increasing fiber intake is more directly related to improving bowel movements in this scenario.
2. What are the signs of an acute myocardial infarction?
- A. Chest pain radiating to the arm and shortness of breath
- B. Nausea, vomiting, and high fever
- C. Headache, confusion, and low blood pressure
- D. Increased heart rate and bradycardia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chest pain radiating to the arm and shortness of breath. These are classic signs of an acute myocardial infarction. Choice B is incorrect because nausea, vomiting, and high fever are not typical signs of a heart attack. Choice C is incorrect as headache, confusion, and low blood pressure are not specific to myocardial infarction. Choice D is incorrect because an acute myocardial infarction typically presents with an increased heart rate, not bradycardia.
3. What is the best teaching point for a client with left-leg weakness learning to use a cane?
- A. Use the cane on the weaker side
- B. Maintain two points of support on the floor at all times
- C. Advance the cane 30 to 45 cm with each step
- D. Advance the cane and the strong leg together
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct teaching point for a client with left-leg weakness learning to use a cane is to maintain two points of support on the floor at all times. This ensures better stability and support for the client while walking. Choice A is incorrect because the cane should be used on the stronger side to support the weaker leg. Choice C is incorrect as advancing the cane too far with each step may compromise balance. Choice D is incorrect because advancing the cane and the strong leg together may not provide adequate support for the weaker leg.
4. A nurse is caring for a client with an NG tube who is experiencing nausea and decreased gastric secretions. What is the priority nursing action?
- A. Increase the suction pressure
- B. Turn the client onto their side
- C. Irrigate the NG tube with sterile water
- D. Replace the NG tube with a new one
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is to replace the NG tube with a new one. When a client with an NG tube experiences nausea and decreased gastric secretions, it indicates a possible problem with the tube itself. Replacing the tube ensures proper functioning and can alleviate the symptoms. Increasing the suction pressure (Choice A) can worsen the client's condition. Turning the client onto their side (Choice B) may be helpful in some situations but does not address the underlying issue. Irrigating the NG tube with sterile water (Choice C) is not the priority and may not resolve the problem.
5. A nurse in a pediatric clinic is collecting data from a school-age child whose injuries are inconsistent with the parent's stated cause. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Provide teaching to the parents
- B. Report suspected abuse to the appropriate agency
- C. Document the injuries and monitor the child
- D. Counsel the parents privately
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In cases where a child's injuries are inconsistent with the parent's stated cause, it raises concerns about possible abuse. The correct action for the nurse in this situation is to report suspected abuse to the appropriate agency. This is a legal and ethical obligation for healthcare professionals when they suspect child abuse. Providing teaching to the parents (Choice A) may not address the immediate safety concerns of the child. Documenting the injuries and monitoring the child (Choice C) is important but reporting suspected abuse takes precedence to ensure the child's safety. Counseling the parents privately (Choice D) may not be effective if abuse is suspected, as the primary focus should be on protecting the child.
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