LPN LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 with NGN
1. What are the primary differences between left-sided and right-sided heart failure?
- A. Left-sided: Pulmonary congestion; Right-sided: Systemic edema
- B. Right-sided: Pulmonary congestion; Left-sided: Systemic edema
- C. Left-sided: Systemic edema; Right-sided: Pulmonary congestion
- D. Right-sided: Pulmonary congestion; Left-sided: Heart failure
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Left-sided: Pulmonary congestion; Right-sided: Systemic edema." Left-sided heart failure primarily affects the lungs, leading to pulmonary congestion, which manifests as symptoms like shortness of breath and cough. On the other hand, right-sided heart failure causes systemic congestion and edema, often presenting as swelling in the legs and abdomen due to fluid retention. Choice B is incorrect because it swaps the features of left-sided and right-sided heart failure. Choice C is incorrect as it also incorrectly switches the characteristics of the two types of heart failure. Choice D is incorrect because it inaccurately associates left-sided heart failure with pulmonary congestion and right-sided heart failure with heart failure itself, which is not a distinguishing feature.
2. A client is having difficulty voiding after removal of an indwelling urinary catheter. What should the nurse do?
- A. Assess for bladder distention after 6 hours
- B. Encourage the client to use a bedpan in the supine position
- C. Restrict the client's intake of oral fluids
- D. Pour warm water over the client's perineum
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is to pour warm water over the client's perineum. This action helps stimulate voiding post-catheterization by promoting relaxation and providing sensory input. Assessing for bladder distention after 6 hours (Choice A) is important but not the immediate intervention needed for difficulty voiding. Encouraging the client to use a bedpan in the supine position (Choice B) may not effectively address the issue of post-catheterization voiding difficulty. Restricting the client's intake of oral fluids (Choice C) is not appropriate and can lead to dehydration, which is not helpful in promoting voiding.
3. What are the key components of a neurological assessment?
- A. Assess level of consciousness and motor function
- B. Check for headache and nausea
- C. Monitor reflexes and pupil size
- D. Assess for tremors and confusion
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. A neurological assessment includes evaluating the level of consciousness and motor function as they are key components in assessing neurological function. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as headache, nausea, reflexes, pupil size, tremors, and confusion may be part of a neurological assessment but are not the key components that are fundamental for a comprehensive assessment.
4. The nurse is caring for an 80-year-old client with Parkinson's disease. Which of the following nursing goals is MOST realistic and appropriate in planning care for this client?
- A. Facilitate the client in returning to usual activities of daily living
- B. Maintain optimal function within the client's limitations
- C. Assist the client in preparing for a peaceful and dignified death
- D. Delay the progression of the disease process in the client
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Maintaining optimal function within the client's limitations is the most realistic and appropriate nursing goal when caring for an 80-year-old client with Parkinson's disease. This goal focuses on maximizing the client's abilities and quality of life while acknowledging the impact of the disease. Option A is less realistic as returning to usual activities may not always be achievable in the case of Parkinson's disease. Option C is not appropriate as it does not address the client's current condition and care needs. Option D is less realistic as Parkinson's disease is progressive, and delaying its progression may not be entirely feasible.
5. What is an appropriate teaching point for a client with left-leg weakness learning to use a cane?
- A. Maintain two points of support on the ground at all times
- B. Use the cane on the weak side of the body
- C. Advance the cane 30 to 45 cm with each step
- D. Advance the cane and the strong leg simultaneously
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct teaching point for a client with left-leg weakness learning to use a cane is to maintain two points of support on the ground at all times. This ensures stability and helps prevent falls. Choice B, using the cane on the weak side of the body, may lead to imbalance and decreased support. Choice C, advancing the cane a specific distance with each step, is not as crucial as maintaining two points of support. Choice D, advancing the cane and the strong leg simultaneously, may also compromise stability and support for the weak leg.
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