LPN LPN
LPN Pediatrics
1. What is the MOST effective way to prevent cardiopulmonary arrest in a newborn?
- A. Ensure effective oxygenation and ventilation.
- B. Administer blow-by oxygen as soon as the newborn is born.
- C. Perform an Apgar assessment every 5 minutes.
- D. Suction the newborn's mouth and nose every 3 minutes.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The most effective way to prevent cardiopulmonary arrest in a newborn is to ensure effective oxygenation and ventilation. This is crucial in maintaining adequate oxygen supply and preventing respiratory distress or failure, which are significant factors leading to cardiopulmonary arrest. Providing appropriate ventilation support and oxygenation can help sustain the newborn's vital functions and reduce the risk of cardiopulmonary compromise.
2. Which of the following statements regarding two-rescuer child CPR is correct?
- A. The chest should be compressed with one hand, and a compression-to-ventilation ratio of 30:2 should be delivered.
- B. A compression-to-ventilation ratio of 15:2 should be delivered with pauses in compressions to give ventilations.
- C. The chest should be allowed to fully recoil between compressions to optimize venous return.
- D. Compress the chest with one or two hands to a depth equal to one third the diameter of the chest.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In two-rescuer child CPR, the correct compression depth is one third the diameter of the chest. This depth can be achieved by compressing the chest with one or two hands. It is crucial to follow the correct compression depth guideline to ensure effective chest compressions and circulation during CPR for a child.
3. You are caring for a 6-year-old child with a possible fractured arm and have reason to believe that the child was abused. How should you manage this situation?
- A. Inform the parents of your suspicions.
- B. Transport the child to the hospital regardless of the parents' wishes.
- C. Call the police and have the parents arrested.
- D. Advise the parents that the child needs to be transported.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In cases where child abuse is suspected, the priority is the safety and well-being of the child. Advising the parents that the child needs to be transported for further evaluation and care is the appropriate initial step. This ensures that the child receives necessary medical attention while also addressing the suspicion of abuse through proper channels. It is essential to involve appropriate authorities and follow established procedures to protect the child and investigate any potential abuse further.
4. You are dispatched to a residence for a 4-year-old female who is sick. Your assessment reveals that she has increased work of breathing and is making a high-pitched sound during inhalation. Her mother tells you that she has been running a high fever for the past 24 hours. Your MOST immediate concern should be:
- A. determining if the child has a history of croup.
- B. preparing to treat her for a febrile seizure.
- C. assessing the need for ventilation assistance.
- D. taking her temperature to see how high it is.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In a child with increased work of breathing, a high-pitched sound during inhalation, and a high fever, upper airway obstruction should be suspected. The child's condition may require immediate ventilation assistance to ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation. Therefore, the most immediate concern in this scenario is to assess the need for ventilation assistance.
5. A 4-year-old boy ingested an unknown quantity of drain cleaner. He is alert, has a patent airway, and has adequate breathing. You should:
- A. administer 1 g/kg of activated charcoal.
- B. give 15 mL of ipecac and contact medical control.
- C. contact poison control and give him oxygen.
- D. give oxygen and perform a head-to-toe exam.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When a child ingests a harmful substance like drain cleaner and remains alert with a patent airway and adequate breathing, the initial steps involve contacting poison control to guide further management. In this scenario, providing oxygen to support respiratory function is essential until definitive care is established. Activated charcoal and ipecac are not recommended in the management of ingested caustic substances like drain cleaner. Performing a head-to-toe exam can wait until the child's immediate respiratory needs are addressed and the poison control center has provided guidance on further management.
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