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ATI Pediatrics Proctored Exam 2023 with NGN
1. A new mother expresses concern about her baby's frequent hiccups. What should the nurse explain about newborn hiccups?
- A. Hiccups are a sign of respiratory distress in newborns.
- B. Hiccups indicate the baby is overeating.
- C. Hiccups are common and usually harmless in newborns.
- D. Hiccups are caused by a lack of burping.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Newborn hiccups are common and usually harmless. They are typically caused by the baby's immature diaphragm and tend to resolve on their own. It is essential for parents to understand that hiccups in newborns are a normal phenomenon and do not necessarily indicate any underlying health issue. Choice A is incorrect because hiccups are not a sign of respiratory distress in newborns. Choice B is incorrect as hiccups do not indicate the baby is overeating. Choice D is also incorrect as hiccups are not solely caused by a lack of burping.
2. A new parent reports to the nurse that the baby looks cross-eyed several times a day. The nurse teaches the parents that this finding should resolve in how long?
- A. 2 months
- B. 2 weeks
- C. 1 year
- D. 4 months
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Transient strabismus, causing the baby to look cross-eyed, is due to poor neuromuscular control of the eye muscles. This condition typically resolves on its own within 3 to 4 months as the infant's neuromuscular control improves. Parents should be reassured that this is a common and temporary issue in infants. Choice A is incorrect as it is too long for the resolution of transient strabismus. Choice B is incorrect as 2 weeks is too short for resolution. Choice C is incorrect as 1 year is too long for transient strabismus to resolve.
3. When assessing a newborn for jaundice, which area should be examined?
- A. Legs and feet
- B. Chest and abdomen
- C. Face and sclera
- D. Back and buttocks
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When assessing a newborn for jaundice, the healthcare provider should examine the face and sclera. Jaundice is often first noticeable in these areas due to the buildup of bilirubin, causing a yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes. Examining the legs and feet (Choice A) is not the most appropriate area for identifying jaundice in newborns. Similarly, the chest and abdomen (Choice B) are not the primary areas where jaundice is usually observed. Checking the back and buttocks (Choice D) is also not as useful as examining the face and sclera when assessing for jaundice in newborns.
4. A breastfeeding mother complains of sore nipples. Which intervention should the nurse suggest?
- A. Use a breast pump until nipples heal
- B. Apply lanolin cream after each feeding
- C. Wash nipples with soap and water before and after each feeding
- D. Reduce the frequency of breastfeeding
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct intervention for sore nipples in a breastfeeding mother is to suggest applying lanolin cream after each feeding. Lanolin cream can help soothe and protect the nipples, promoting healing and reducing discomfort. Using a breast pump may not address the underlying issue causing soreness. Washing nipples with soap and water excessively can lead to dryness and further irritation. Reducing breastfeeding frequency may impact milk supply and bonding. Therefore, recommending lanolin cream is the most appropriate intervention to alleviate soreness in this situation.
5. Which of the following drinks is recommended for reconstituting oral rehydration salts?
- A. Water
- B. Fruit juice
- C. Soda
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Water. Water is the ideal fluid to reconstitute oral rehydration salts because it helps in proper hydration without adding unnecessary sugars or acidity that may be present in fruit juice or soda. Using water ensures the salts are properly dissolved and can effectively rehydrate the individual. Choices B and C are incorrect because fruit juice and soda may contain sugars or acidity that can interfere with the rehydration process and are not recommended for reconstituting oral rehydration salts.
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