Nursing Elites

1. How can a new mother tell if her baby is getting enough breast milk?

• A. If your baby sleeps through the night, they are getting enough milk.
• B. If your baby has six to eight wet diapers a day, they are getting enough milk.
• C. If your baby cries frequently, they are getting enough milk.
• D. If your baby is awake and alert, they are getting enough milk.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. If a new mother observes that her baby has six to eight wet diapers a day, it indicates that the baby is getting enough breast milk. This is a crucial indicator of adequate milk intake and hydration in infants. Conversely, choices A, C, and D are incorrect. A baby sleeping through the night, crying frequently, or being awake and alert are not reliable indicators of sufficient breast milk intake. It is essential for new mothers to track their baby's diaper output to ensure they are receiving the necessary nutrition.

2. Which of the following is a sign of altered mental status in a small child?

• A. Fear of the EMT's presence.
• B. Recognition of the parents.
• C. Inattention to the EMT's presence.
• D. Consistent eye contact with the EMT.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Inattention to the EMT's presence is a sign of altered mental status in a small child. When a child is not responsive or does not acknowledge the presence of the EMT, it could indicate a change in their mental status. This lack of attention or awareness may signify a neurological issue or other medical condition affecting the child's cognitive function.

3. Which of the following is MOST likely to occur in conjunction with a breech presentation?

• A. Vertex presentation
• B. Maternal hypertension
• C. Prolapsed umbilical cord
• D. Premature rupture of the amniotic sac

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In a breech presentation, where the baby's buttocks or feet present first, there is an increased risk of the umbilical cord slipping down alongside or below the presenting part, leading to a prolapsed umbilical cord. This is a serious complication that can compromise fetal blood flow and oxygenation, necessitating prompt intervention to prevent adverse outcomes. Choices A, B, and D are less likely to occur in conjunction with a breech presentation. Vertex presentation is the normal head-first presentation, maternal hypertension is a separate condition that may not be directly related to fetal presentation, and premature rupture of the amniotic sac can happen independently of the baby's presentation.

4. A mother of a 2-year-old child complains that her child has a fever, sore mouth, and red eye. What will be the possible diagnosis?

• A. TB
• B. Meningitis
• C. Measles
• D. Pertussis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Measles. Measles commonly presents with symptoms such as fever, sore mouth, and red eyes. These characteristic symptoms help differentiate measles from the other conditions listed. Tuberculosis (Choice A) typically presents with respiratory symptoms, Meningitis (Choice B) commonly presents with symptoms like headache, neck stiffness, and altered mental status, while Pertussis (Choice D) is characterized by severe coughing spells. Therefore, in this case, the symptoms described align more closely with measles.

5. In educating the parents of a child diagnosed with hypothyroidism, the nurse mentions that the child should avoid goitrogens. Which of the following will the nurse mention as an example?

• A. Orange
• B. Tomatoes
• C. Cabbage
• D. Grapes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Cabbage is an example of a goitrogen that should be avoided in children with hypothyroidism. Goitrogens are substances that can interfere with thyroid function by inhibiting iodine uptake, potentially worsening the condition. Cabbage, along with other cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower, contains compounds that can affect thyroid hormone production. Oranges, tomatoes, and grapes are not classified as goitrogens. Therefore, it is important for parents to be aware of foods like cabbage and to limit their child's intake to help manage their hypothyroidism effectively.

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