LPN LPN
LPN Pharmacology Practice Questions
1. After administering nitroglycerin to a client with coronary artery disease (CAD) who reports chest pain, what should be the nurse's next priority action?
- A. Obtain a 12-lead ECG
- B. Monitor the client's blood pressure
- C. Notify the healthcare provider
- D. Administer a second dose of nitroglycerin
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct next priority action after administering nitroglycerin to a client with CAD experiencing chest pain is to monitor the client's blood pressure. Nitroglycerin can cause hypotension, so it is crucial to assess and monitor the client's blood pressure for any signs of decreased perfusion or adverse effects. Obtaining a 12-lead ECG may be important but is not the immediate priority. Notifying the healthcare provider and administering a second dose of nitroglycerin should only be considered after ensuring the client's blood pressure is stable.
2. The healthcare provider is teaching a client with hypertension about lifestyle modifications. Which recommendation should the healthcare provider include?
- A. Limit alcohol consumption to one drink per day.
- B. Increase sodium intake to maintain blood pressure.
- C. Exercise vigorously for at least 30 minutes daily.
- D. Avoid high potassium foods like bananas.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Limiting alcohol intake is an essential lifestyle modification recommended for managing hypertension. Excessive alcohol consumption can raise blood pressure, so limiting it to one drink per day is beneficial in controlling hypertension. Alcohol moderation is a key part of a heart-healthy lifestyle for individuals with high blood pressure. Choice B is incorrect because increasing sodium intake can actually worsen hypertension by retaining water and increasing blood pressure. Choice C is incorrect because while exercise is important for overall health, moderate-intensity exercise is recommended for individuals with hypertension to avoid excessive strain on the heart. Choice D is incorrect because high potassium foods like bananas are actually beneficial for individuals with hypertension as they can help lower blood pressure.
3. The client needs instruction on using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). Which instruction should be given?
- A. Inhale the medication and then exhale immediately
- B. Exhale fully, then place the inhaler in your mouth and inhale deeply while pressing the canister
- C. Take two short breaths before inhaling the medication
- D. Hold your breath for 5 seconds after inhaling the medication
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct technique for using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) involves exhaling fully before inhaling deeply while pressing the canister to ensure effective delivery of the medication. Choice A is incorrect as exhaling should precede inhaling. Choice C is incorrect as taking two short breaths is not part of the correct technique. Choice D is incorrect as there is no need to hold the breath for a specific time after inhaling the medication.
4. The client has been prescribed atorvastatin (Lipitor) for hyperlipidemia. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the client?
- A. Take the medication in the morning with breakfast.
- B. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice while taking this medication.
- C. Increase your intake of dietary fiber while on this medication.
- D. Avoid eating foods high in potassium.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction for the nurse to provide to the client prescribed atorvastatin (Lipitor) for hyperlipidemia is to avoid drinking grapefruit juice while taking this medication. Grapefruit juice can interfere with the metabolism of atorvastatin, leading to an increased risk of side effects. It is crucial for the client to adhere to this instruction to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the treatment. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because taking the medication with breakfast, increasing dietary fiber intake, and avoiding foods high in potassium are not specific instructions related to atorvastatin therapy for hyperlipidemia.
5. A client has a new prescription for transdermal nitroglycerin patches. Which of the following instructions should be included for proper use?
- A. Apply the patch to the same site each day.
- B. Place the patch on an area of skin away from skin folds and joints.
- C. Keep the patch on 24 hours per day.
- D. Replace the patch every 72 hours.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Placing the nitroglycerin patch on an area of skin away from skin folds and joints is crucial to ensure optimal absorption and effectiveness of the medication. Placing the patch on skin folds or joints can interfere with absorption, potentially reducing the patch's efficacy. Therefore, it is essential to follow this instruction to maximize the therapeutic benefits of the nitroglycerin patches. The other options are incorrect because applying the patch to the same site each day can lead to skin irritation, keeping the patch on 24 hours per day may not be necessary depending on the specific patch instructions, and replacing the patch every 72 hours is not the standard frequency for nitroglycerin patches.
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