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PN ATI Capstone Proctored Comprehensive Assessment 2020 B
1. A community nurse is instructing a group of high school students about the transmission of hepatitis A. Which mode of transmission should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Sexual contact
- B. Airborne droplets
- C. Fecal-oral
- D. Bloodborne
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fecal-oral. Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often from consuming contaminated food or water. Choice A, sexual contact, is not a typical mode of transmission for hepatitis A. Choice B, airborne droplets, is more characteristic of diseases like influenza or tuberculosis. Choice D, bloodborne transmission, is more relevant to hepatitis B and C, not hepatitis A.
2. A healthcare provider is reviewing the medical records of a group of older adults (OA). The provider should identify that which of the following is a risk factor that places OA at an increased risk for developing infections?
- A. Improved circulation
- B. Increased immune function
- C. Lowered immune system function
- D. Dehydration
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Lowered immune system function.' As individuals age, their immune system tends to weaken, making them more susceptible to infections. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because improved circulation and increased immune function would typically reduce the risk of infections, while dehydration can impact overall health but is not directly related to immune system function in the context of infection risk.
3. When educating a patient on the use of levodopa-carbidopa, which information should the nurse include?
- A. It is a cure for Parkinson's disease
- B. Monitor for dyskinesia
- C. It can be taken at any time
- D. It has no side effects
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Monitor for dyskinesia.' Levodopa-carbidopa can cause dyskinesia as a side effect, which is characterized by involuntary muscle movements. Patients need to be monitored for this adverse effect and instructed to report it to their healthcare provider. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because levodopa-carbidopa is not a cure for Parkinson's disease, it should be taken at specific times for optimal effect, and it does have side effects, such as dyskinesia.
4. A nurse is caring for an older adult who has a non-palpable skin lesion that is less than 0.5 cm in diameter. Which term should the nurse use to document this finding?
- A. Vesicle
- B. Macule
- C. Papule
- D. Nodule
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Macule. A macule is a non-palpable skin lesion smaller than 1 cm in diameter. In this case, the skin lesion described is less than 0.5 cm, making it consistent with a macule. Vesicle (choice A) is a small blister filled with clear fluid, papule (choice C) is a solid, raised skin lesion less than 0.5 cm in diameter, and nodule (choice D) is a palpable, solid lesion larger than 0.5 cm in diameter. Therefore, choices A, C, and D describe skin lesions that do not match the characteristics of the lesion presented in the question.
5. A nurse is caring for a client prescribed digoxin. Which of the following should alert the nurse to possible digitalis toxicity?
- A. Anorexia and weakness
- B. Hyperactivity and hunger
- C. Tachycardia and increased urination
- D. Polyphagia and polydipsia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Digitalis toxicity is a serious complication of digoxin therapy, particularly in older adults. Early symptoms include anorexia, nausea, and generalized weakness. Anorexia and weakness are common indicators of digitalis toxicity. Hyperactivity, hunger, tachycardia, increased urination, polyphagia, and polydipsia are not typical signs of digitalis toxicity. Monitoring for anorexia and weakness can help detect toxicity early and prevent life-threatening arrhythmias.
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