LPN LPN
LPN Fundamentals of Nursing
1. A client has a new prescription for digoxin, and a nurse is providing teaching. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will take my pulse before taking this medication.
- B. I will take this medication with an antacid.
- C. I will double the dose if I miss one.
- D. I will avoid eating bananas.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because taking the pulse before administering digoxin is crucial as the medication can cause bradycardia. Monitoring the pulse helps in identifying any signs of bradycardia, a common side effect of digoxin. Options B, C, and D are incorrect. Taking digoxin with an antacid may interfere with its absorption. Doubling the dose if a dose is missed can lead to overdose and adverse effects. Avoiding bananas is not specifically related to digoxin therapy.
2. What action is required by law when preparing to administer a controlled substance?
- A. Verify the client’s identification using two identifiers.
- B. Document the medication administration in the client’s chart immediately.
- C. Return any unused portion of the medication to the pharmacy.
- D. Have a second nurse witness the disposal of any unused portion.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Having a second nurse witness the disposal of any unused portion of a controlled substance is a legal requirement to ensure proper disposal, prevent diversion, and maintain accountability. This practice helps in reducing the risk of misuse or unauthorized access to controlled substances, enhancing patient safety, and complying with legal regulations and standards.
3. A healthcare professional is preparing to administer an intramuscular (IM) injection to a client. Which of the following actions should the healthcare professional take?
- A. Use a 1-inch needle.
- B. Insert the needle at a 45-degree angle.
- C. Aspirate before injecting the medication.
- D. Administer the injection in the deltoid muscle.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Aspirating before injecting the medication is a crucial step in IM injections to check for blood return, ensuring that the needle is not in a blood vessel. This technique helps prevent accidental intravascular injection of the medication, reducing the risk of complications such as inadvertent intravenous administration of the substance.
4. A client has been prescribed enoxaparin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. You need to obtain routine blood tests to monitor the effects of this medication.
- B. You should administer the medication into your thigh.
- C. You should inject the medication once daily.
- D. You need to use a 1-inch needle to administer the medication.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction to include when educating a client prescribed enoxaparin is to inject the medication once daily. Enoxaparin is typically administered via subcutaneous injection once daily, usually in the abdomen, to prevent blood clots.
5. Prior to administering a blood transfusion, what should the healthcare professional do first?
- A. Prime the IV tubing with normal saline.
- B. Verify the client's identity.
- C. Obtain the blood product from the blood bank.
- D. Check the client's vital signs.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Verifying the client's identity is the essential initial step before administering a blood transfusion. This action is crucial to confirm that the correct blood product is being administered to the right client, thereby preventing any potential errors or adverse reactions. Ensuring patient safety is paramount in healthcare, and verifying the client's identity is a fundamental safety measure that should always be prioritized.
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