LPN LPN
LPN Fundamentals of Nursing
1. Which of the following statements indicates the client understands the colostomy care instructions?
- A. I will change the colostomy bag once a week.
- B. I will avoid eating high-fiber foods.
- C. I will clean around the stoma with mild soap and water.
- D. I will apply lotion to the skin around the stoma.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Cleaning around the stoma with mild soap and water is crucial for colostomy care as it helps prevent infection and skin irritation. Changing the colostomy bag frequency, dietary modifications, or applying lotion are not primary aspects of stoma care. Proper cleaning around the stoma helps maintain hygiene and prevents complications, making it a key component of caring for a colostomy.
2. A client with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is receiving teaching from a healthcare provider. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will take my insulin only if my blood sugar is above 200 mg/dL.
- B. I will eat a snack before exercising.
- C. I will avoid all carbohydrates.
- D. I will check my blood sugar once a week.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Eating a snack before exercising is crucial for managing blood sugar levels and preventing hypoglycemia in individuals with diabetes. Exercising on an empty stomach can lead to low blood sugar levels, but consuming a snack before physical activity helps stabilize blood sugar and provides energy for the body. This proactive approach demonstrates the client's understanding of the importance of managing blood sugar levels during physical activity.
3. A healthcare professional is preparing to insert an IV catheter for an older adult client. Which of the following actions should the professional take?
- A. Shave the hair at the insertion site.
- B. Insert the catheter at a 45-degree angle.
- C. Place the client’s arm in a dependent position.
- D. Use a tourniquet to dilate the veins.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Placing the client’s arm in a dependent position is the correct action when preparing to insert an IV catheter in an older adult client. This position helps dilate the veins naturally by using gravity, making it easier to locate and access suitable veins for the IV catheter insertion. By positioning the arm in a dependent position, the healthcare professional can take advantage of gravity to increase venous distention, aiding in successful IV catheter insertion.
4. A client with meningitis is being assessed by a healthcare provider. Which of the following findings should the provider expect?
- A. Negative Brudzinski’s sign.
- B. Flaccid neck muscles.
- C. Petechial rash.
- D. Hypoactive deep tendon reflexes.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A petechial rash is a characteristic finding in clients with meningitis, indicating small, pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin. This rash results from the infection's impact on the blood vessels. Petechiae are important to recognize as they can help differentiate meningitis from other conditions with similar symptoms. Brudzinski’s sign, neck stiffness, and positive Kernig’s sign are more common physical exam findings in meningitis. Flaccid neck muscles and hypoactive deep tendon reflexes are not typically associated with meningitis.
5. When teaching a client about the proper use of a cane, which of the following instructions should be included?
- A. Hold the cane on the weaker side.
- B. Move the cane forward first.
- C. Keep the cane 12 inches away from the body.
- D. Use the cane for support only when climbing stairs.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When using a cane, it is crucial to move the cane forward first to provide support and enhance balance. Advancing the cane before the weaker or stronger leg helps widen the base of support, thereby improving stability during ambulation. Keeping the cane too far or too close to the body can affect its supportive function. Moreover, utilizing the cane solely for stair climbing limits its overall utility in maintaining balance and stability during regular walking.
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