LPN LPN
LPN Fundamentals of Nursing
1. Prior to administering a blood transfusion, what should the healthcare professional do first?
- A. Prime the IV tubing with normal saline.
- B. Verify the client's identity.
- C. Obtain the blood product from the blood bank.
- D. Check the client's vital signs.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Verifying the client's identity is the essential initial step before administering a blood transfusion. This action is crucial to confirm that the correct blood product is being administered to the right client, thereby preventing any potential errors or adverse reactions. Ensuring patient safety is paramount in healthcare, and verifying the client's identity is a fundamental safety measure that should always be prioritized.
2. Which of the following statements indicates the client understands the colostomy care instructions?
- A. I will change the colostomy bag once a week.
- B. I will avoid eating high-fiber foods.
- C. I will clean around the stoma with mild soap and water.
- D. I will apply lotion to the skin around the stoma.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Cleaning around the stoma with mild soap and water is crucial for colostomy care as it helps prevent infection and skin irritation. Changing the colostomy bag frequency, dietary modifications, or applying lotion are not primary aspects of stoma care. Proper cleaning around the stoma helps maintain hygiene and prevents complications, making it a key component of caring for a colostomy.
3. Following a total hip arthroplasty, what intervention should the healthcare provider implement for the client?
- A. Place a pillow between the client's legs.
- B. Elevate the head of the bed to 45 degrees.
- C. Position the client on the operative side.
- D. Keep the client’s legs adducted.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Placing a pillow between the client's legs is crucial post hip arthroplasty surgery to prevent hip dislocation. This intervention helps maintain proper alignment and prevents legs from crossing midline, reducing the risk of hip prosthesis dislocation. Elevating the head of the bed to 45 degrees, positioning the client on the operative side, or keeping the client's legs adducted are not recommended postoperative interventions for a total hip arthroplasty, as they can increase the risk of complications and compromise the surgical site.
4. When caring for a client with a prescription for wound irrigation, which action should the nurse take?
- A. Use a 10-mL syringe with an 18-gauge needle.
- B. Cleanse the wound from the center outward.
- C. Apply a wet-to-dry dressing.
- D. Pack the wound tightly with gauze.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When caring for a client with a prescription for wound irrigation, the nurse should cleanse the wound from the center outward. This technique helps prevent the introduction of microorganisms into the wound, reducing the risk of contamination and promoting effective wound healing. By using a circular motion from the cleanest area to the least clean areas, debris and bacteria are moved away from the wound site, decreasing the chances of infection.
5. A healthcare professional is assessing a client who has deep-vein thrombosis (DVT). Which of the following findings should the professional expect?
- A. Swelling of the affected limb.
- B. Diminished peripheral pulses.
- C. Coolness of the affected limb.
- D. Redness and warmth of the affected limb.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Redness and warmth of the affected limb are classic signs of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) due to inflammation and increased blood flow. These symptoms occur as a result of the blood clot obstructing normal blood flow and causing localized inflammation in the affected limb. Swelling of the affected limb, diminished peripheral pulses, and coolness are not typically associated with DVT. Swelling can be present but is often accompanied by the characteristic redness and warmth. Diminished pulses and coolness are more indicative of arterial insufficiency rather than venous thrombosis.
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