LPN LPN
LPN Pharmacology Assessment A
1. The nurse is preparing to administer a scheduled dose of enalapril (Vasotec) to a client with hypertension. Before administering the medication, the nurse should check which priority assessment?
- A. Heart rate
- B. Blood pressure
- C. Respiratory rate
- D. Temperature
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Before administering enalapril, an antihypertensive medication, the nurse should prioritize checking the client's blood pressure. Monitoring blood pressure helps ensure it is at an acceptable level before giving the medication, as enalapril can further lower blood pressure. This assessment is crucial in preventing potential hypotensive episodes and adverse effects associated with excessive blood pressure reduction. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature are important assessments but are not the priority before administering enalapril, which primarily affects blood pressure levels.
2. A client with a diagnosis of angina pectoris is prescribed nitroglycerin. The nurse should teach the client to take the medication in which way?
- A. Take one tablet daily with breakfast
- B. Take one tablet every 5 minutes as needed, up to three times
- C. Take one tablet every hour until pain subsides
- D. Take one tablet only if pain does not subside after 30 minutes
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Nitroglycerin is a rapid-acting medication used to relieve angina pain by dilating blood vessels. The correct administration is to take one tablet every 5 minutes as needed, up to three doses. This dosing regimen helps in managing acute angina episodes effectively. Choice A is incorrect because nitroglycerin is not taken once daily. Choice C is incorrect because waiting for an hour between doses may not provide timely relief during angina attacks. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests waiting for 30 minutes before taking another dose, which could delay symptom relief in acute situations.
3. A client with a history of coronary artery disease (CAD) is prescribed atorvastatin (Lipitor). The nurse should teach the client about which common side effect of this medication?
- A. Dry mouth
- B. Muscle pain
- C. Drowsiness
- D. Diarrhea
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Muscle pain is a common side effect of statins like atorvastatin. It is important for the nurse to educate the client about this potential side effect, as it can indicate a serious condition called rhabdomyolysis, which requires immediate medical attention. Dry mouth, drowsiness, and diarrhea are not typically associated with atorvastatin use.
4. The LPN/LVN is assisting in the care of a client who has been prescribed enoxaparin (Lovenox) for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which instruction should the nurse reinforce with the client?
- A. Avoid consuming foods high in vitamin K while taking this medication.
- B. Administer the injection in the same site each time for consistency.
- C. Report any unusual bleeding or bruising to your healthcare provider.
- D. Do not take aspirin if you experience any mild pain or discomfort.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction for the nurse to reinforce with the client is to report any unusual bleeding or bruising to their healthcare provider. This is crucial because unusual bleeding or bruising may indicate excessive anticoagulation, a potential side effect of enoxaparin. Prompt reporting to a healthcare provider is necessary to prevent complications. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Choice A is not directly related to enoxaparin and vitamin K interactions. Choice B is incorrect as rotating injection sites is essential for preventing tissue damage and irritation. Choice D is also incorrect as aspirin can increase the risk of bleeding when taken with enoxaparin.
5. The LPN/LVN is assisting in the care of a client with chronic heart failure who is receiving furosemide (Lasix). Which instruction should the nurse reinforce with the client?
- A. Limit your fluid intake to avoid fluid overload.
- B. Increase your potassium intake by eating bananas and oranges.
- C. Weigh yourself once a week to monitor for fluid retention.
- D. Take the medication at night to avoid frequent urination during the day.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction for the nurse to reinforce with the client is to increase potassium intake by eating bananas and oranges. Furosemide can lead to potassium loss, potentially causing hypokalemia. By increasing potassium intake through diet, the client can help prevent this electrolyte imbalance and maintain overall health. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Limiting fluid intake is not the appropriate instruction, as furosemide is a diuretic that already helps in fluid management. Weighing once a week is not as crucial as monitoring potassium levels, and taking the medication at night does not impact potassium levels.
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