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ATI Pediatrics Proctored Test
1. What is the proper depth of chest compressions for a 9-month-old infant?
- A. 1/3 the diameter of the chest or about 1 1/2 inches.
- B. 1/4 the diameter of the chest or about 1 inch.
- C. 1/2 the diameter of the chest or about 2 inches.
- D. 1/3 the diameter of the chest or about 3/4 inch.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When performing chest compressions on a 9-month-old infant, the proper depth is 1/3 the diameter of the chest, which equates to approximately 1 1/2 inches. This depth is crucial for effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in infants. Choice B, which suggests 1/4 the diameter of the chest or about 1 inch, is incorrect as it does not provide the recommended depth for infants. Choice C, stating 1/2 the diameter of the chest or about 2 inches, is too deep and may cause harm to the infant. Choice D, mentioning 1/3 the diameter of the chest or about 3/4 inch, is also incorrect as it underestimates the required depth for effective chest compressions on a 9-month-old infant.
2. Which of the following statements regarding febrile seizures in children is correct?
- A. They can occur even after a child has had a fever for longer than 24 hours.
- B. They can be caused by viral or bacterial meningitis.
- C. They do not typically occur on the first day of a fever.
- D. They typically last less than 15 minutes and often do not have a postictal phase.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Febrile seizures in children typically last less than 15 minutes and often do not have a postictal phase, meaning there is usually no prolonged recovery period or confusion after the seizure. They are commonly associated with the rapid rise in body temperature at the onset of a fever, rather than the duration of the fever itself. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because febrile seizures can occur even after a child has had a fever for longer than 24 hours, they can be caused by viral or bacterial meningitis, and they do not have a typical pattern of occurring on the first day of a fever.
3. When assisting ventilations in a 4-year-old child with a bag-valve mask, what should the EMT do?
- A. Deliver each breath over 2 to 3 seconds.
- B. Ensure the appropriate mask size is used.
- C. Block the pop-off valve if needed to achieve adequate chest rise.
- D. Reassess the pulse rate after 60 seconds.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When assisting ventilations in a 4-year-old child with a bag-valve mask, the EMT should block the pop-off valve if needed to achieve adequate chest rise. This action helps ensure effective ventilation and adequate oxygenation in the child. Blocking the pop-off valve allows for better control over the volume of air delivered and can help maintain positive pressure in the airway, assisting in improving oxygenation and ventilation in the child. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because delivering each breath over 2 to 3 seconds is a general guideline but may need adjustment based on patient response, ensuring the appropriate mask size is important but not the primary concern in this scenario, and reassessing the pulse rate is not directly related to the ventilation technique being discussed.
4. When ventilating an apneic 3-year-old child with a bag-valve mask device, what is the MOST important action to take?
- A. Avoid hyperventilation and ensure adequate chest rise.
- B. Squeeze the bag with both hands and use a pediatric mask.
- C. Immediately insert an oropharyngeal airway.
- D. Provide one breath every 3 to 5 seconds.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When ventilating an apneic child, the most important action is to avoid hyperventilation and ensure adequate chest rise. Hyperventilation can lead to decreased cardiac output and increased intracranial pressure. Adequate chest rise confirms effective ventilation and minimizes the risk of complications. Choice B is incorrect because using both hands to squeeze the bag may not ensure proper ventilation and can lead to complications. Choice C is incorrect as inserting an oropharyngeal airway is not the initial action in ventilating an apneic child with a bag-valve mask. Choice D is incorrect as providing ventilations every 3 to 5 seconds may not be appropriate for effective ventilation in a pediatric patient.
5. You are dispatched to a residence for a 5-year-old child who is not breathing. Upon arrival, you find the child supine on the floor, cyanotic, and unresponsive. You should first:
- A. begin chest compressions.
- B. open the airway and give two rescue breaths.
- C. apply an AED and analyze the rhythm.
- D. ask the parent for the child's medical history.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When encountering an unresponsive and not breathing child, the initial step is to open the airway and provide two rescue breaths. This action helps to deliver oxygen to the child's lungs and body, which is crucial in attempting to restore breathing and circulation. Chest compressions are not initiated first in pediatric cases unless the child has no signs of circulation after delivering rescue breaths. Applying an AED and analyzing the rhythm is not the initial step in a pediatric cardiac arrest scenario, as the primary focus should be on providing oxygenation. Asking the parent for the child's medical history is not the immediate priority when the child is unresponsive and not breathing, as interventions to support breathing and circulation should be the primary concern.
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