LPN LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2023
1. What are the early signs of diabetic ketoacidosis?
- A. Excessive thirst and fruity breath odor
- B. Weight loss and increased urination
- C. Nausea and vomiting
- D. Hypoglycemia and fatigue
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Excessive thirst and fruity breath odor. Diabetic ketoacidosis presents with these early signs due to ketone buildup in the body. Choice B, weight loss and increased urination, are more characteristic of uncontrolled diabetes but not specific to diabetic ketoacidosis. Choice C, nausea and vomiting, can occur in diabetic ketoacidosis but are not as early or specific as excessive thirst and fruity breath odor. Choice D, hypoglycemia and fatigue, are not typical signs of diabetic ketoacidosis; rather, diabetic ketoacidosis usually presents with hyperglycemia.
2. When caring for the client diagnosed with delirium, which condition is the most important for the nurse to investigate?
- A. Cancer of any type
- B. Impaired hearing
- C. Prescription drug intoxication
- D. Heart failure
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When caring for a client diagnosed with delirium, the most important condition for the nurse to investigate is prescription drug intoxication. Delirium in older adults is commonly caused by medication side effects or interactions. Investigating prescription drug intoxication is crucial as it can be a reversible cause of delirium. While cancer, impaired hearing, and heart failure are important considerations in overall care, prescription drug intoxication takes precedence in cases of delirium.
3. A client with heart failure is receiving furosemide. Which of the following assessment findings indicates that the medication is effective?
- A. Elevated blood pressure.
- B. Absence of adventitious breath sounds.
- C. Weight gain of 1.4 kg (3 lb) in 24 hr.
- D. Decreased urine output.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The absence of adventitious breath sounds indicates that furosemide is effective in managing heart failure. Adventitious breath sounds such as crackles indicate fluid accumulation in the lungs, a common complication of heart failure. Therefore, the absence of these abnormal sounds suggests that furosemide is effectively reducing fluid overload. Elevated blood pressure (choice A) is not a desired outcome in heart failure management. Weight gain (choice C) and decreased urine output (choice D) are signs of fluid retention and ineffective diuresis, indicating that furosemide is not working effectively.
4. A client with schizophrenia is experiencing auditory hallucinations. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Encourage the client to lie down in a quiet room.
- B. Ask the client directly what they are hearing.
- C. Tell the client that the voices are not real.
- D. Provide headphones for the client to listen to music.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take when caring for a client with schizophrenia experiencing auditory hallucinations is to ask the client directly what they are hearing. This approach helps the nurse gain insight into the client's experience, establish effective communication, and provide appropriate support. Encouraging the client to lie down in a quiet room (Choice A) may not address the hallucinations directly. Telling the client that the voices are not real (Choice C) can be invalidating and may lead to further distress. Providing headphones for music (Choice D) may not be effective in addressing the client's hallucinations.
5. A nurse is reinforcing home safety instructions with the parent of a newborn. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the instructions?
- A. Place your baby's crib away from heat vents
- B. Place the crib close to a heater
- C. Place the crib near a window
- D. Place soft toys in the crib
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Place your baby's crib away from heat vents.' Placing the crib away from heat vents is essential to prevent the baby from becoming overheated and to reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Choice B is incorrect because placing the crib close to a heater increases the risk of overheating and poses a fire hazard. Choice C is incorrect as placing the crib near a window exposes the baby to drafts and temperature fluctuations. Choice D is incorrect as soft toys in the crib can pose a suffocation risk to the newborn.
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