LPN LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2023
1. A client with an acute myocardial infarction is concerned about extreme fatigue. What is the best strategy to promote independence in self-care?
- A. Instruct the client to limit all activity until fully rested
- B. Encourage the client to gradually resume self-care tasks with rest periods
- C. Assign assistive personnel to complete self-care tasks
- D. Ask the client's family to assist with self-care
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Encouraging the client to gradually resume self-care tasks with rest periods is the best strategy to promote independence in self-care for a client with acute myocardial infarction. This approach allows the client to regain independence while considering the need for rest to prevent overexertion. Instructing the client to limit all activity until fully rested (Choice A) may hinder independence by promoting inactivity. Assigning assistive personnel to complete self-care tasks (Choice C) does not promote the client's independence. Asking the client's family to assist with self-care (Choice D) may not foster the client's self-reliance and may not always be feasible.
2. Which of the following is an expected side effect of furosemide?
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Hypokalemia
- C. Increased blood pressure
- D. Increased urine output
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Hypokalemia. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that works by increasing the excretion of water and electrolytes, including potassium, leading to hypokalemia. Choice A, Bradycardia, is incorrect because furosemide does not typically cause a decrease in heart rate. Choice C, Increased blood pressure, is incorrect as furosemide is actually used to lower blood pressure by reducing fluid volume. Choice D, Increased urine output, is a common effect of furosemide due to its diuretic action but is not an adverse side effect.
3. A nurse is teaching a client with diabetes about insulin administration. What is the most important point to emphasize?
- A. Check blood sugar once in the morning
- B. Administer insulin before meals as prescribed
- C. Administer insulin only when feeling unwell
- D. Monitor blood sugar only in the evening
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The most important point to emphasize when teaching a client with diabetes about insulin administration is to administer insulin before meals as prescribed. This is crucial for maintaining proper blood sugar control throughout the day. Choice A is incorrect because blood sugar levels need to be monitored multiple times a day, not just once in the morning. Choice C is incorrect because insulin should be administered according to the prescribed schedule, not only when feeling unwell. Choice D is incorrect because blood sugar monitoring should be done at various times during the day, not just in the evening.
4. A nurse in a long-term care facility is auscultating the lung sounds of a client who reports shortness of breath and increased fatigue. The nurse should report which of the following to the provider after hearing this sound?
- A. Fine crackles
- B. Rhonchi
- C. Wheezing
- D. Stridor
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fine crackles. Fine crackles suggest fluid in the lungs, which could indicate a serious respiratory issue like pulmonary edema. This sound should be reported to the provider for further evaluation and possible intervention. Rhonchi (choice B) are low-pitched wheezing sounds often caused by secretions in the larger airways, wheezing (choice C) is a high-pitched whistling sound usually caused by narrowed airways, and stridor (choice D) is a high-pitched sound heard on inspiration that indicates upper airway obstruction. While these sounds also require attention, fine crackles are more indicative of fluid accumulation in the lungs, making them the priority for reporting in this scenario.
5. What is the nurse's responsibility when managing a physically assaultive client?
- A. Restrict the client to the room
- B. Place the client under one-to-one supervision
- C. Restore the client's self-control
- D. Clear the area of other clients
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Restore the client's self-control. When managing a physically assaultive client, the nurse's responsibility is to help the client regain control over their actions and emotions. This is crucial in preventing harm to themselves and others. Restricting the client to the room (Choice A) may escalate the situation and is not a therapeutic approach. Placing the client under one-to-one supervision (Choice B) is important for safety but does not address the root cause of the behavior. Clearing the area of other clients (Choice D) is necessary for safety but does not directly address the client's self-control. Therefore, the priority in managing an assaultive client is to focus on restoring their self-control.
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