LPN LPN
LPN Pharmacology Questions
1. A client has a new prescription for amlodipine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take the medication with food.
- B. Monitor blood pressure daily.
- C. Increase intake of potassium-rich foods.
- D. Avoid consuming grapefruit juice.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Monitor blood pressure daily.' When a client is prescribed amlodipine, it is essential to monitor their blood pressure regularly. Amlodipine is known to cause hypotension, so monitoring blood pressure helps ensure it stays within the desired range to prevent complications associated with low blood pressure. Choice A is incorrect because amlodipine can be taken with or without food. Choice C is incorrect as increasing potassium intake is not a specific instruction related to amlodipine. Choice D is incorrect as grapefruit juice interactions are not typically a concern with amlodipine.
2. A client has a new prescription for alendronate. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take the medication with a full glass of water.
- B. Lie down for 30 minutes after taking the medication.
- C. Take the medication at bedtime.
- D. Avoid dairy products while taking the medication.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When taking alendronate, it is important to take the medication with a full glass of water to prevent esophageal irritation. This helps ensure that the medication reaches the stomach and is properly absorbed. Lying down after taking alendronate can increase the risk of esophageal irritation, which is why it is recommended to stay upright for at least 30 minutes after taking the medication. Taking the medication at bedtime or avoiding dairy products are not specific instructions associated with alendronate administration. Therefore, the correct instruction to include is to take the medication with a full glass of water.
3. A client has a new prescription for enalapril. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Monitor for a dry cough.
- B. Take the medication at bedtime.
- C. Avoid consuming grapefruit juice.
- D. Take the medication with food.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monitor for a dry cough. When a client is prescribed enalapril, it is important to monitor for a dry cough because it can be a side effect that indicates a potential issue like angioedema. This side effect needs close attention as it may require discontinuation of the medication to prevent further complications. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because enalapril does not need to be taken at bedtime, does not interact with grapefruit juice, and can be taken without regard to meals.
4. A nurse is assessing a client who is taking hydrocodone. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Constipation
- B. Sedation
- C. Dry mouth
- D. Respiratory depression
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Respiratory depression. Hydrocodone is an opioid medication that can cause respiratory depression, a serious side effect that should be reported immediately to the healthcare provider. Constipation, sedation, and dry mouth are common side effects of hydrocodone but are not as concerning as respiratory depression. Constipation can be managed with lifestyle modifications and medications, sedation may improve with time or dosage adjustments, and dry mouth is a common and usually benign side effect.
5. A client has a new prescription for digoxin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include during discharge teaching?
- A. Take the medication with food.
- B. Monitor heart rate daily.
- C. Avoid consuming grapefruit juice.
- D. Increase intake of potassium-rich foods.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Monitor heart rate daily.' When a client is prescribed digoxin, it is essential to monitor heart rate daily because digoxin can cause bradycardia, a condition characterized by a slow heart rate. Monitoring the heart rate regularly allows the client to promptly identify any signs of bradycardia and seek medical attention if needed. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because taking digoxin with food, avoiding grapefruit juice, and increasing potassium-rich foods are not specific instructions related to managing the side effects or monitoring parameters of digoxin therapy.
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