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PN Nutrition Assessment ATI
1. What are the rhythmic contractions that propel food through the intestinal tract called?
- A. Segmentation
- B. Peristalsis
- C. Cardiospasm
- D. Pendular movements
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Peristalsis is the correct answer because it refers to the rhythmic contractions that propel food through the intestinal tract by pushing it along the digestive system. Segmentation, on the other hand, refers to the mixing movements in the intestines rather than the forward movement of food. Cardiospasm is a condition characterized by difficulty swallowing due to the inability of the esophagus to relax, and pendular movements are a type of motility found in the small intestine but do not specifically refer to the propulsion of food.
2. Individual nutrients are characterized by their ability to:
- A. work independently.
- B. fulfill specific metabolic roles.
- C. influence weight loss.
- D. improve mental status.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'fulfill specific metabolic roles.' Nutrients play essential roles in specific metabolic processes in the body such as energy production, tissue repair, and growth. Choice A, 'work independently,' is incorrect as nutrients often work synergistically rather than alone. Choice C, 'influence weight loss,' is incorrect as while some nutrients may support weight loss indirectly through metabolic processes, it is not their primary characteristic. Choice D, 'improve mental status,' is also incorrect as while some nutrients are important for brain health, their primary role is not specifically to improve mental status.
3. What is the muscle layer on the outside of the intestinal wall called?
- A. serosa
- B. mucosa
- C. submucosa
- D. muscularis mucosae
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: serosa. The serosa is the outermost layer of the intestinal wall, providing a protective covering. Choice B, mucosa, is the innermost layer responsible for absorption. Choice C, submucosa, lies beneath the mucosa and contains blood vessels and nerves. Choice D, muscularis mucosae, is a smooth muscle layer located within the mucosa, helping to create folds in the intestinal lining to increase surface area for absorption.
4. Individuals with optimal nutritional status differ from those with marginal nutritional status in their:
- A. nutrient reserves.
- B. clinical signs.
- C. body weight.
- D. risk of mental illness.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Individuals with optimal nutritional status differ from those with marginal nutritional status in their nutrient reserves. Optimal nutritional status implies having adequate nutrient reserves, which is lacking in marginal status. Clinical signs (choice B) may or may not be present in both groups and are not the differentiating factor between optimal and marginal statuses. Body weight (choice C) can vary for reasons other than nutritional status. The risk of mental illness (choice D) is not directly related to the comparison between optimal and marginal nutritional status.
5. Why is it important to understand standard serving sizes of foods?
- A. it is easy to eat too much of some nutrients when choosing healthful foods.
- B. serving sizes have generally decreased over the past few decades.
- C. most people have difficulty estimating the amount of food they eat.
- D. food portions need to be weighed to check serving sizes accurately.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Understanding serving sizes is crucial because most people have difficulty estimating the amount of food they eat. It helps individuals accurately track their intake, which is essential for maintaining a healthy diet and avoiding overeating. Choice A is incorrect because the question focuses on portion sizes rather than specific nutrients. Choice B is incorrect as it presents an unsupported claim about serving sizes decreasing. Choice D is incorrect as weighing food portions is not always necessary to check serving sizes; understanding standard serving sizes allows for a more practical approach to portion control.
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