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PN Nutrition Assessment ATI
1. Major nutrients supplied by foods in the Vegetables group of MyPlate include:
- A. potassium and vitamin A.
- B. iron and vitamin C.
- C. calcium and vitamin B12.
- D. sodium and vitamin E.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: potassium and vitamin A. Vegetables are an excellent source of potassium and vitamin A, both essential for maintaining overall health. Iron and vitamin C (choice B) are commonly found in foods from the Protein and Fruits groups, respectively. Calcium and vitamin B12 (choice C) are more abundant in dairy products and animal-based foods. Sodium and vitamin E (choice D) are not the major nutrients typically supplied by vegetables.
2. Which of the following are macronutrients?
- A. Minerals.
- B. Proteins.
- C. Vitamins.
- D. Enzymes.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Proteins are indeed macronutrients, along with carbohydrates and fats. Macronutrients are nutrients that provide energy and are required in large amounts by the body. Minerals and vitamins are considered micronutrients, as they are needed in smaller quantities. Enzymes, on the other hand, are not nutrients but rather biological molecules that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions.
3. What are the actions involved in the process of digestion?
- A. thermal and chemical.
- B. chemical and segmental.
- C. muscular and chemical.
- D. mechanical and thermal.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'muscular and chemical.' In the process of digestion, muscular movements help in mixing and propelling food along the digestive tract, while chemical breakdowns involving enzymes and acids break down food into smaller molecules for absorption. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as thermal, segmental, and mechanical actions are not the primary actions involved in the digestion process.
4. A physical science that contributes to understanding how nutrition relates to health and well-being is:
- A. anatomy
- B. biochemistry
- C. physics
- D. pharmacology
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Biochemistry is the correct answer because it focuses on understanding the chemical processes related to nutrition and how nutrients affect the body. Anatomy (choice A) primarily deals with the structure of organisms, not the chemical processes of nutrition. Physics (choice C) deals with energy and matter, not specifically related to nutrition. Pharmacology (choice D) focuses on drugs and their interactions with the body, not directly related to nutrition and its effects on health.
5. What is the primary function of protein in the body?
- A. Provide energy.
- B. Regulate metabolic processes.
- C. Control muscle contractions.
- D. Build tissue.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The primary function of protein in the body is to build and repair tissues. Proteins are crucial for growth, maintenance, and repair of body tissues, including muscles, organs, and skin. While proteins can be a source of energy, their primary role is not to supply energy. Regulating metabolic processes and controlling muscle contractions are functions typically attributed to other nutrients and compounds in the body, such as vitamins and minerals.
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