Nursing Elites

1. A food choice equivalent to one serving from the Protein group of MyPlate is:

• A. 1 tbsp peanut butter.
• B. 3 oz fish.
• C. 2 oz cheese.
• D. 1/2 cup cooked dry beans or peas.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: One tablespoon of peanut butter is equivalent to one serving from the Protein group in MyPlate. It provides a good amount of protein and healthy fats. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they represent larger serving sizes than a single serving from the Protein group in MyPlate. 3 oz of fish, 2 oz of cheese, and 1/2 cup of cooked dry beans or peas would exceed the recommended serving size for the Protein group.

2. Which nutrient has a protein-sparing effect?

• A. Glycerol
• B. Carbohydrate
• C. Nitrogen
• D. Fatty acids

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Carbohydrates have a protein-sparing effect, meaning that adequate carbohydrate intake can prevent the use of protein for energy. Glycerol, nitrogen, and fatty acids do not have a protein-sparing effect. Glycerol is a component of fats and oils, nitrogen is a component of proteins, and fatty acids are used primarily as an energy source.

3. A person with lactose intolerance should be most careful to limit their intake of:

• A. milk
• B. yogurt
• C. cheese
• D. corn syrup

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Individuals with lactose intolerance lack the enzyme lactase needed to break down lactose, the sugar in dairy products. Milk contains a high amount of lactose, making it crucial for those with lactose intolerance to limit their intake. Yogurt and cheese, on the other hand, have lower lactose content due to the fermentation process which reduces lactose levels, making them better tolerated by many with lactose intolerance. Corn syrup, although high in sugar, does not contain lactose and is unrelated to lactose intolerance. Therefore, the correct answer is 'milk' as it is a significant source of lactose, which can trigger symptoms in individuals with lactose intolerance.

4. A vegetarian diet that includes dairy foods and eggs is known as:

• A. lactovegetarian.
• B. vegan.
• C. semi-vegetarian.
• D. ovolactovegetarian.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct term for a vegetarian diet that includes both dairy foods and eggs is 'ovolactovegetarian.' This term specifically indicates the inclusion of eggs ('ovo') and dairy ('lacto') in the diet. Choice A, 'lactovegetarian,' is incorrect because it only includes dairy products without eggs. Choice B, 'vegan,' is incorrect as it excludes all animal products, including dairy and eggs. Choice C, 'semi-vegetarian,' is incorrect as it is a term used for individuals who occasionally eat meat, poultry, or fish but primarily follow a plant-based diet.

5. For a healthy person, what percentage of daily calories should be supplied by protein?

• A. 5% to 10%.
• B. 10% to 35%.
• C. more than 25%.
• D. more than 35%.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 10% to 35%. For a healthy person, it is recommended that 10% to 35% of their daily caloric intake should come from protein. This range ensures an adequate intake of protein for various bodily functions without overdoing it. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they suggest percentages either below the recommended range (A, C) or exceeding it (D), which could lead to nutritional imbalances or health issues.

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