LPN LPN
ATI Pediatric Medications Test
1. In counseling the parents of a child with hypopituitarism, Nurse Gyimah is asked about their child's condition. Which of the following phrases, if stated by the nurse, best describes the condition?
- A. Linear growth retardation with skeletal proportions normal for chronologic age
- B. A complete normal growth pattern, but with the onset of precocious puberty
- C. Normal growth for the first five years, followed by progressive linear growth retardation
- D. Growth retardation in which height and weight are equally affected
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Hypopituitarism is characterized by linear growth retardation with skeletal proportions normal for chronologic age. This means that although the child experiences growth retardation, their skeletal proportions are appropriate for their age, which distinguishes it from other conditions like precocious puberty or equal height and weight affectation. Choice B is incorrect as hypopituitarism does not involve precocious puberty. Choice C is wrong as it describes a different growth pattern not typical of hypopituitarism. Choice D is also incorrect as in hypopituitarism, height and weight are not equally affected, rather the focus is on linear growth retardation with normal skeletal proportions.
2. A 2-year-old client is admitted for an acute asthma episode. The hospital provides family-centered care. In explaining the program to the parents, the nurse would explain that the parents are:
- A. Required to implement all personal hygiene care for their child.
- B. Encouraged to be as involved with the child's care as they are comfortable being.
- C. Requested to administer all oral medications.
- D. Expected to be present at the child's bedside.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Family-centered care involves encouraging parents to actively participate in their child's care based on their comfort level. This approach promotes collaboration between healthcare providers and families, enhancing the quality of care and ensuring the family's involvement in decision-making. Choice A is incorrect because parents are encouraged to participate, not required to implement all personal hygiene care. Choice C is incorrect as it implies a specific action rather than the broader concept of involvement. Choice D is incorrect as it focuses solely on physical presence rather than active participation in care.
3. A 3-month-old is hospitalized with a fractured femur. The pain assessment tool most appropriate for this child is the:
- A. FLACC scale.
- B. Poker chip tool.
- C. Number scale.
- D. Visual analog scale.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The FLACC scale is a validated pain assessment tool suitable for infants and young children, including 3-month-olds. It assesses pain based on five categories: Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability. Since infants cannot communicate their pain verbally, the FLACC scale is effective in evaluating pain by observing these behavioral indicators. The other options, such as the Poker chip tool, Number scale, and Visual analog scale, are not specifically designed for infants and may not provide accurate pain assessment in this age group.
4. Nana Esi is an 11-year-old girl diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). She asks her attending nurse why she can't take a pill rather than shots like her grandmother does. Which of the following would be the nurse's best reply?
- A. If your blood glucose levels are controlled, you can switch to using pills.
- B. The pills correct fat and protein metabolism, not carbohydrate metabolism.
- C. Your body does not make insulin, so the insulin injections help to replace it.
- D. The pills work on the adult pancreas; you can switch when you are 18.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The nurse's best reply to Nana Esi is option C: 'Your body does not make insulin, so the insulin injections help to replace it.' In type 1 diabetes, the body's immune system destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, individuals with type 1 diabetes do not produce insulin, necessitating insulin injections for survival. Option A is incorrect as type 1 diabetes always requires insulin therapy. Option B is inaccurate as pills do not replace the function of insulin. Option D is also incorrect as there is no age restriction on using insulin therapy for type 1 diabetes.
5. After providing home care instructions to the mother of a child being discharged following cardiac surgery, which statement made by the mother indicates a need for further instructions?
- A. A balance of rest and exercise is important.
- B. I can apply lotion or powder to the incision if it is itchy.
- C. Activities in which falling could occur need to be avoided for two to four weeks.
- D. Large crowds of people need to be avoided for at least two weeks after the surgery.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The mother stating that she can apply lotion or powder to the incision if it is itchy indicates a need for further instructions. Applying lotion or powder to the incision is not recommended as it can increase the risk of infection. The other choices are correct: A) Balancing rest and exercise is important for recovery, C) avoiding activities where falling could occur is necessary to prevent injury, and D) avoiding large crowds helps reduce the risk of infections during the initial recovery period.
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